Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 201_ Microbiology - Nonspecific Lines of Defense - Ivy Tech_ Lawrence
- Course
- Institution
BIOL 201_ Microbiology - Nonspecific Lines of Defense - Ivy Tech_ Lawrence
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
BIOL 201: Microbiology - NonspecificLines of Defense - Ivy Tech: Lawrence
Species Defense - ANS-Because cells have a base physiological process, the process
of human pathogens are incompatible with most plant and animal pathogens. i.e.
chemical receptors don't exist in humans, pH or temperature of the human body are
incompatible with the pathogen
Innate immunity - ANS-The first two lines of defense
First line of defense - ANS-Physical barrier
Second line of defense - ANS-internal defense composed of protective cells,
bloodborne chemicals, processes that inactivate or kill invaders
adaptive immunity - ANS-lymphocytes alter body's defense to respond to specific
threats
Skin's role in innate immunity - ANS-1. dendrites, 2. continual replacement of cells
provide a nonspecific defense, 3. defensins & derm 4. lysozome, 5. sebum
epidermis - ANS-most superficial layer of skin
dermis - ANS-deep layer of skin under the epidermis, home to hair follicles, glands, and
nerve endings
Dendritic cells - ANS-phagocytic cells with long finger-like processes surrounding cells
in the epidermis that phagocytize pathogens and play a role in adaptive immunity
defensins - ANS-antimicrobial peptides that are active against Gram-, Gram+ and some
fungus
lysosome - ANS-an enzyme that destroys cell walls of bacteria by cleaving bonds
between sugar subunits in cell walls
sebum - ANS-secreted by sebaceous glands (oil glands) that keep skin pliable and less
sensitive to breaking or tearing, also lowers the pH of skin surface to pH5 inhibiting the
growth of many bacteria.
, Role of Mucous membrane in Immunity - ANS-act nonspecifically to limit infections
chemically and physically. Dendritic cells reside below mucous epithelium, the trachae
has goblet cells which produce mucous, and the ciliated columnar cells propel mucus
and trapped pathogens out of respiratory tract, and defensins are secreted.
Role of lacrimal apparatus in innate immunity - ANS-Lacrimal glands located above and
on the side of eyes secrete tears that drain into lacrimal canals and then through the
nasolacrimal duct where they join the nasal flow. Eyes also have lysosomes.
Role of Normal Microbiota in innate immunity - ANS-Microbiota consume nutrients,
making them unavailable to pathogens, and they can change the pH of their
environment making favorable to themselves, but unfavorable to other microorganisms.
They also stimulate body's 2nd line of defense and provide nutrients to the body.
Defense Components of the Blood - ANS-Plasma: mostly H20, but plasma proteins play
a role in adaptive immunity, Formed elements: Erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes
Diapedesis - ANS-Neutrophils and Eosinophils can exit blood into tissues to attack
invading microbes
platelets - ANS-involved in clotting
Neutrophils - ANS-________ are the leukocytes that make bleach and nitric oxide
(inflammation), They also generate NETS by self-destructing and trapping pathogens
and attacking with superoxide and peroxide produced by the neutrophils.
Eosinophils, Eosinophilia - ANS-these leukocytes can phagocytize and secrete
antimicrobial chemicals that attack parasitic worms.__________ is an abnormally high
number of E. cells in the blood indicating infection or allergies. They also use
mitochondrial DNA as an antibacterial agent.
Lymphocytes, NK Cells - ANS-______make antibodies, _______ are the defensive
leukocyte of innate immunity because they secrete toxins onto virally infected cells and
tumors
Monocytes - ANS-mature into macrophages when they leave the blood
Basophils - ANS-have granules with histamine and heparin
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now