Exam (elaborations)
BIO 201 Exam 4
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 23 pages for the course Microbiology Ivy Tech BIOL201 at Microbiology Ivy Tech BIOL201 (BIO 201 Exam 4)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
BIO 201 Exam 4Rostral - ANS-toward the nose
Caudal - ANS-toward the tail
Major portions of the brain - ANS-Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - ANS-83
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - ANS-50
The brain weighs ___ pounds - ANS-3.5
Longitudinal Fissure - ANS-separates 2 cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
Central Sulcus - ANS-Separates frontal & parietal lobe
Gyri - ANS-folds
Sulci - ANS-grooves
cortex - ANS-surface layer of gray matter
nuclei - ANS-deeper masses of gray matter
tracts - ANS-bundles of axons
gray matter - ANS-neuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
white matter - ANS-bundles of axons
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
Meninges - ANS-Dura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Dura mater - ANS-outermost, tough membrane
-outer periosteal layer against bone
,-inner meningeal layer
-subdural space (below dura mater)
-where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood
from brain
supportive structures formed by dura mater - ANS-falx cerebri, falx cerebelli & tentorium
cerebelli
Arachnoid mater - ANS-spider web filamentous layer
Pia mater - ANS-a thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
Meningitis - ANS-Inflammation of the meninges
-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
Lumbar puncture - ANS-(spinal tap) check spinal fluid
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
Lateral ventricles - ANS-found inside the cerebral hemispheres
Third ventricle - ANS-single vertical space under corpus callosum
Cerebral aqueduct - ANS-runs through the midbrain (connects 3rd & 4th ventricle)
Central canal - ANS-runs down through spinal cord
Ventricles - ANS-Internal chambers within the CNS
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid - ANS-clear liquid that fills ventricles & canals & bathes in its
external surface (in subarachnoid space)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - ANS-500
Functions of CSF - ANS-Buoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally buoyant
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes
, CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus -
ANS-4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
Circumventricular organs... - ANS-...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier
where blood has direct access
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
-allows route for HIV to invade the brain
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - ANS-Tightly joined endothelium
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
Hindbrain - ANS-Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - ANS-contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory & reflex centers
which adjust heart rate but also control coughing & sneezing, etc.
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
-ascending & descending nerve tracts
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - ANS-adjusts heart rate & force
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - ANS-adjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - ANS-controls rate & depth of breathing
Reflex Center (Medulla) - ANS-coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting,
salivation, sweating, movements of tongue & head
Pons - ANS-Bulge in the brainstem
-Rostral to the medulla
-Ascending sensory tracts, descending motor tracks
-pathways in & out of cerebellum
-nuclei concerned with sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial
expression, facial sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control & posture (CN V,
VI, VII, VIII)
Cerebellum - ANS-Evaluates sensory input (spatial perception), timekeeping center
(predicts movements of objects), distinguish pitch & similar sounding words, planning &
scheduling tasks.
-helps learn motor skills (memory)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now