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ARRT Cardiovascular Interventional Exam
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ARRT Cardiovascular Interventional Exam
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ARRT Cardiovascular Interventional Exam-Antiarrhythmic
-Oral medication and a solution for injection used to treat ventricular arrhythmias
(fibrillation and tachycardia)
-Works by relaxing overactive heart muscles and slowing down nerve activity
-for ACLS, only used after defibrillation and epinephrine fail to convert VT/VF -
ANS-Amiodarone
-Anticholinergic - blocks that action of neurotransmitter - acetylcholine
-Used to treat the symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia)
-acts on the conduction system of the heart and accelerates transmission of electrical
impulses through cardiac tissue
-given to reverse asystole and severe bradycardia
-increases heart rate and improves the AV conduction by blocking the parasympathetic
influences on the heart - ANS-Atropine
-Anticoagulant
-Used to decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent harmful clots from
forming in blood vessels
-Works by disrupting the formation of blood clots in your veins
-Standard anticoagulant for most PCI procedures - ANS-Heparin
-Antihistamine
-Works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic
reactions
-Given in anticipation of a possible allergic reaction to contrast media
-Also helps to increase the effectiveness of Versed given during the procedure -
ANS-Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
-Benzodiazepine
-Produces a calming effect on the brain and nerves
-Induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes the loss of ability to create new
memories
-short acting sedative/hypnotic with effects lasting 2-6 hours
-Produces amnesia
-When administered in high doses, used for anesthesia induction prior to procedures
such as: cardioversion, permanent pacemaker insertion, intubation, and TEE -
ANS-Versed (Midazolam)
, -Benzodiazepine
-Works by affecting GABA receptors of the brain, results in slowing of the CNS, inducing
a state of relaxation
-Causes skeletal muscle relaxation and has anti-convulsant effects
-Long-acting sedative, effects lasting up to 24 hours
-Typically given as a premedication for CCL procedure
-Normal dose given for conscious sedation is 2-10mg - ANS-Diazepam (Valium)
-Benzodiazepine antagonist
-Reverse effects of Ativan, Valium, and Versed
- Competes with and inhibits activity at benzodiazepine receptor sites, resulting in either
complete or partial reversal, depending on the dose - ANS-Romazicon
-Beta-blocker
-Used to treat high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, prevent future heart disease, and
prevent chest pain caused by angina
-Relaxes blood vessels and slows down heart rate, making it easier for your heart the
pump blood around your body
-Usually prescribed for high BP
-Works by blocking the release of stress hormones, adrenaline and noradrenaline, in
certain parts of the body - ANS-Propranolol
-Beta-blocking drug
-Works by changing the way your body responds to some nerve impulses, especially in
your heart
-Slows down your heart rate and makes it easier for your heart to pump blood
-Used to treat high blood pressure
-Also used to prevent angina and to improve survival after a MI - ANS-Metoprolol
-Calcium Channel Blocker
-Used to treat angina and hypertension
-Blocks the entry of calcium into heart muscle cells, thus decreasing the force of
contraction of the heart and its rate of contraction
-Also relaxes the blood vessels in your heart and body (dilation) - reducing BP
-Lowers heart rate and dilates your coronary arteries, reducing how hard your heart has
to pump - ANS-Diltiazem (Cardizem)
-Calcium Channel Blocker
-Used to treat high blood pressure and control angina
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