abdominal-thrust maneuver - ANSWER-The preferred method to dislodge a
severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich
maneuver.
active compression-decompression CPR - ANSWER-A technique that involves
compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position
or beyond (decompression); may increase the amount of blood that returns to the
heart, and thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the
compression phase.
advanced life support (ALS) - ANSWER-Advanced lifesaving procedures, some
of which are now being provided by the EMT.
basic life support (BLS) - ANSWER-Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that
is used to treat medical conditions, including airway obstruction, respiratory
arrest, and cardiac arrest.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - ANSWER-The combination of chest
compressions and rescue breathing used to establish adequate ventilation and
circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse.
chest compression fraction - ANSWER-The total percentage of time during a
resuscitation attempt in which active chest compressions are being performed.
dependent lividity - ANSWER-Blood settling to the lowest point of the body,
causing discoloration of the skin.
gastric distention - ANSWER-A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a
result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation.
, head tilt-chin lift maneuver - ANSWER-A combination of two movements to open
the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma
patients.
Hyperventilation - ANSWER-Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood
carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure,
decreased venous return, and hypotension when associated with BVM use.
impendace threshold device (ITD) - ANSWER-A valve device placed between
the endotracheal tube and a bag valve mask that limits the amount of air entering
the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions.
ischemia - ANSWER-A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary
nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially
reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.
jaw-thrust maneuver - ANSWER-Technique to open the airway by placing the
fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for
patients who may have a cervical spine injury.
load-distributing band (LDB) - ANSWER-A circumferential chest compression
device composed of a constricting band and backboard that is either electrically
or pneumatically driven to compress the heart by putting inward pressure on the
thorax.
mechanical piston device - ANSWER-A device that depresses the sternum via a
compressed gas-powered plunger mounted on a backboard.
recovery position - ANSWER-A side-lying position used to maintain a clear
airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately.
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) - ANSWER-The return of a pulse and
effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest.
rigor mortis - ANSWER-Stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after
death
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