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HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide Questions and and answers
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HMX Immunology Final Exam StudyGuide
2 signal requirement for lymphocyte activation - correct answer-1) Need antigen bound to
receptor 2) Need costimulator bound to coreceptor
Adaptive immune cells are also called - correct answer-lymphocytes
Agglutinins - correct answer-Immune proteins that can clump microbes together and activate
complement; include lectins and natural antibodies
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity - correct answer-Antibodies will bind to cell surface
proteins on infected cells to recruit natural killer cells that will kill the cell
Antibody general structure - correct answer-2 heavy chains 2 light chains split into Fc and
Fab (variable) regions. Fab region contains antigen binding site made up of 3 loops of each
heavy chain and light chain
B cell central tolerance - correct answer-Occurs in the bone marrow; mediated by receptor
editing to get the right receptor
B cell receptor (BCR) - correct answer-a membrane-bound antibody and its associated
signaling proteins; B cells can excrete free antibodies with the same affinity as their receptor
B cells mature primarily in the... - correct answer-bone marrow
B cells undergo the final step of maturation where - correct answer-In the lymph organs such
as lymph nodes or spleen
B7 - correct answer-Costimulatory molecules expressed on activated antigen presenting
cells to activate naive T cells
CCR7 - correct answer-A chemokine receptor that helps cells move towards the lymph
nodes; expressed on activated DCs, naive T cells
CCR7 - correct answer-Chemokine receptor NORMALLY found on T cells; expressed by
activated B cells in the lymph node when they are ready to meet the T cells
CD28 - correct answer-Coreceptor on T cells that binds to the costimulator B7 to complete
naive T cell activation
CD4+CD8+TCR+ T Cell - correct answer-After the Pre T cell, has both CD4 and CD8,
mature into T cells with only one of these
, CD40 - correct answer-A receptor expressed on B cells that binds to CD40-L on T cells to
complete B cell activation
CD40-L - correct answer-The ligand for CD40 that is expressed on activated helper T cells to
accomplish B cell activation; also expressed on macrophages in Tissue to allow them to
interact with Th cells
Checkpoint blockade therapy (general) - correct answer-Use of monoclonal antibodies to
block inhibitory receptors on T cells and allow them to become reactivated and kill tumor
cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - correct answer-Monocytes and
neutrophils
Clonal expansion - correct answer-When a clone of a lymphocyte proliferates after clonal
selection has occurred (leads to army against a specific microbe)
Clonal selection - correct answer-When a microbe successfully binds to an antigen receptor
on a lymphocyte
Clone (for a cell) - correct answer-A group of cells that is genetically identical, all descending
from the same cell
Common lymphoid progenitor cells - correct answer-Give rise to T cells and B cells, also NK
cells
CTLA-4 - and how exactly does it work - correct answer-a coreceptor that can be expressed
on surface of activated T cells to produce T cell attenuation in lymph node; binds to B7
costimulator to block CD28 signaling
CXCR5 - correct answer-A chemokine receptor NORMALLY found on B cells, expressed by
T cells in the lymph node when they are ready to activate B cells, turns into a T follicular
helper cell
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls? -
correct answer-Adhesion molecules
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - correct answer-Neutrophils are short
lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and
will eat apoptotic cells and waste
Difference between T cell and B cell receptors - correct answer-B cell receptors
(immunoglobulins) can recognize virtually any molecule; T cell receptors can only recognize
peptides bound to MHC molecules on the surface of self-cells; they must be shown this
molecule
DiGeorge Syndrome - correct answer-congenital absence of the thymus gland; causes lack
of T cells
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