BIO 213 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

3 stages of transcription initiation, elongation, termination initiation of transcription RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter region on the DNA and begins to unzip the DNA into two strands. elongation (transcription) RNA polymerase traverses the template strand and uses base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy termination of transcription RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template polycistronic mRNA A single molecule of messenger RNA that is formed by the transcription of a group of functionally related genes located next to one another along bacterial DNA. hRNA heterogenous nuclear RNA, eukaryotes only Introns Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding sequences. Exons Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA. Splicing the process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA How is hnRNA processed before it leaves the nucleus? caps are added for initiation of translation and stability a poly adenine tail is also added RNA processing is only possible in eukaryotic cells rRNA (ribosomal RNA) type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes tRNA (transfer RNA) type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis Codon A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid