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教育领域的革新
Contents

Chapter 在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化 Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
了教学效率和学习效果。
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
教育领域的革新
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65

(4) ORGANOTROPIC识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 了教学效率和学习效果。 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN教育领域的革新 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
了教学效率和学习效果。
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
教育领域的革新
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
了教学效率和学习效果。
Multiple choice questions
教育领域的革新Multiple choice questions

, 教育领域的革新
5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
OF PHARMACOLOGY

PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methodsOC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
of new drug development
02. 到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
了教学效率和学习效果。
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
教育领域的革新
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
c) Excretion of substances
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble 如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
了教学效率和学习效果。
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal教育领域的革新
agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
renal tubules
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
b) Transport without energy consumption
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
degree of substance
b) Permeability through识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing了教学效率和学习效果。
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 教育领域的革新
and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
c) Rectal 使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
d) Intraduodenal
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
了教学效率和学习效果。
Multiple choice questions
教育领域的革新Multiple choice questions

, 教育领域的革新
6

b) Oral 在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
12. What is characteristic of使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
b) A drug is exposed to识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 了教学效率和学习效果。
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
教育领域的革新
d) Inhalation
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops 到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
slower, than at oral administration
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
b) False
了教学效率和学习效果。
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
教育领域的革新
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
b) False
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
b) Cell membranes ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
c) Absence of pores in如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
了教学效率和学习效果。
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 教育领域的革新
to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
了教学效率和学习效果。
Multiple choice questions
教育领域的革新Multiple choice questions

, 教育领域的革新
7
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
a) True
b) False 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
25. 使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
d) Less lipid soluble
27. 了教学效率和学习效果。
Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble 教育领域的革新
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight
在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
(phase 1) is:
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation 了教学效率和学习效果。
d) Binding to plasma proteins
教育领域的革新
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
32. Conjugation is:
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
d) Solubilization in lipids
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation 识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
d) Hydrolysis 如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
了教学效率和学习效果。
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis 教育领域的革新
d) Methylation
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 在教育领域，科技同样带来了革命性的变化
b) False 。在线教育平台和数字化教学资源的普及，
使得教育变得更加开放和灵活。学生们可以
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 通过网络课程、虚拟实验室等方式进行学习
b) Enlarged ，不再受限于时间和空间。例如，慕课（MO
c) Remained unchanged
OC）的兴起，使得世界各地的学生可以接触
d) Changed insignificantly
到顶尖学府的课程，极大地拓宽了他们的知
识视野。同时，人工智能在教育中的应用，
如智能辅导系统和自适应学习平台，也提高
了教学效率和学习效果。
Multiple choice questions
教育领域的革新Multiple choice questions

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