AQA A-level History: The Making of a Superpower: USA 1865-1975
This document contains a summarised version of The Making of a Superpower: USA A-level course. It has been put in chronological order and split into time periods, within that it is put into the main sections such as Foreign Policy, Political, Social and Economy,
a mind map of everything you need to know about the effects of the great depression on the US from 1920-1945
acondensed mindmap outlining the key events in US foreign policy from 1920-1945
a mindmap of the social developments that occurred in America from 1920-1941
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The making of a superpower: USA 1865-1975
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Guilded age 1877-1900
Presidents:
Hayes – civil service reform, railroad strike 1877
Garfield - civil service reform, Post office reform (got rid of a star route leader)
Arthur - civil service reform, federal immigration law, Chinese exclusion act, tariff act 1883
Cleveland - civil service reform, vetoed Texas seed bill
Foreign policy:
Navy – expanded navy
Hawaii – imported Hawaiian sugar duty free, economically dependant on US, renewed
treaty with pearl harbour
Latin America – Pan-America conference, US should act as leader + countries would
benefit from trade with US
Social:
AA – KKK, sharecroppers, vote taken away in south, 13th amendment
NA – Americanisation, the Dawes Plan, manifest destiny, battle of wounded knee
Immigration – sped up industrialisation, cheap labour, escaping persecution from home
country
Economy:
Big business – Vanderbilt (railroads), Rockefeller (Standard oil), J.P.Morgan (finance),
Carnegie (steel)
Technology innovation – Thomas Edison (lightbulb), Alexander Bell (telephone)
Imperialization/Progressivism 1890-1912
Presidents:
Mckinley – 1896 election
Roosevelt - progressive measures = anti-trust measures, 1903 department of commerce
and labour act, 1906 Hepburn act, conservation
Taft – anti-trust policies, power to interstate Commision, federal income tax, corporation
tax
Foreign policy:
Imperialism – accidental empire, progressive imperialism, need for markets, open door,
end of westward expansion, preclusive imperialism
, Pacific – Samoa (preclusive imperialism), Hawaii annexed 1898, Purchase of Philippines
from Spain after Spanish American war $20 mill
Latin America – Puerto Rico (invaded 1898), Venezuela
Spanish-American war = Philippines, Guantanamo Bay, yellow press, isle of Guam, Cuban
independence recognised
Cuba – Platt amendment
Panama Canal – helped revolt and they accepted US offer of $10 mill for 16km strip of land
to create canal
Nicaragua – close proximity to pacific/Atlantic
Dominican Republic – defaulted on loan worth $40 mill = 1904 Roosevelt took control of
the customs revenue to pay off debt
Social:
AA – South stopped AA from voting (grandfather clause, $2 poll tax, literacy test), Booker T
Washington, Niagara movement, 1912 lost right to serve in juries
Immigration – Sped up industrialization, seen as waste of resource, had jobs within hours
of landing in the country, cheap labour, strike break
Economic:
Industrial growth – iron production 10.3 mill tonnes 1900, modern oil production (lucas
well in spindlehop 70,000-110,000 barrels per day closed quickly), trust and monopolies
Depression of 1893 – reading railroad declared bankruptcy, industrial black Friday, repeal
of the silver purchase act, rise of progressivism
Agricultural discontent – farmers S+W not experiencing prosperity like ind, failing
agricultural prices
Trade unions – Pittsburgh Steelworkers Strike 1892, Pullman Strike 1894
Emergence on world stage 1912-1920
Presidents:
Wilson - banking reform, clayton anti-trust act, underwood tariff, income tax, revenue cat
1916, federal child labour act 1916, workmen's compensation act 1916, Adamson act,
second term = involvement WW1
Foreign policy: mainly neutral but not really (favoured allies)
Moral diplomacy – connections with us benefitted others
Latin America – intervention to stop LA corrupt officials from spending US money on their
own interests
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