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Stanhope Ch. 13_ Community Assessment and Evaluation.
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Stanhope Ch. 13_ Community Assessment and Evaluation.
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Stanhope Ch. 13: CommunityAssessment and Evaluation
Which of the following is the best brief definition of community?
a. A geographic area or political division under common leadership
b. A group sharing a common bond such as a profession or occupation
c. A group working together to confront a common problem
d. A social group with common goals within a geographic area
ANS: D
According to WHO, a community is "A group of people, often living in a defined geographical
area, who may share a common culture, values and norms, and are arranged in a social
structure according to relationships which the community has developed over a period of
time. Members of a community gain their personal and social identity by sharing common
beliefs, values and norms which have been developed by the community in the past and
may be modified in the future." The correct answer includes aspects of people, place, and
function or aims. In addition to sharing geographic boundaries and leadership, a community
also has common values and interests. In addition to sharing a common bond, members
within a community have to interact with one another. A group working together to confront a
common problem only addresses the aspect of function; it does not address people or place.
A nurse is practicing in the community but also has the community as the target of practice.
Which of the following best describes the activities of this nurse?
a. Providing care to an active caseload of 50 families in the neighborhood
b. Inviting all the parents of asthmatic children in the school to meet together for mutual
support
c. Sharing assessment findings and health goals with every community group that will listen
d. Writing articles for the local newspaper highlighting the various programs and services of
the local health department
ANS: C
Meeting with all interested community groups is the only way to keep the focus on the
community rather than on individuals. Although it is not possible to know the nurse's goals
from the nurse's behavior, giving care to select groups does not represent the whole
community. Publicizing services increases knowledge but doesn't necessarily help eligible
clients access care
Persons often point out that smokers choose to light their cigarettes; alcoholics lift the glass
to their mouth, and drug addicts inject or ingest their drugs. Which of the following
statements best describes why nurses don't simply focus on helping persons who engage in
poor health behaviors to behave appropriately?
, a. Addicts don't have the willpower to change their behavior.
b. It is too rewarding to continue the behavior for a person to be able to change.
c. Laws and policies must reward good healthy behaviors and punish unhealthy behaviors to
help individuals recognize the importance of change.
d. Society must offer healthy choices, offer support, and practice helpful policies.
ANS: D
Change for the benefit of the community client often must occur at several levels, ranging
from the individual to society as a whole. Lifestyle-induced health problems cannot be solved
simply by asking or encouraging individuals to choose health-promoting habits. Society also
must provide healthy choices. Most individuals cannot change their habits alone; they
require the support of family members, friends, community health care systems, and relevant
social policies. Change in society is helpful for addicts to change their behavior. Many times,
certain aspects of society limit an individual's ability to make change on their own. Laws and
policies within society must support individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices.
A nurse is focusing on the process dimension of a community's health. Which of the
following interventions will the nurse most likely implement?
a. Assessing the health care services available in a community
b. Establishing screening programs to diagnose diseases as early as possible so that the
treatment can begin
c. Implementing health promotion activities such as education programs
d. Planning for new programs to be developed based on identified needs
ANS: C
When the emphasis is on the process dimension—usually the level of intervention of the
nurse in community health—the best strategy is usually health promotion, such as various
primary prevention strategies. The other responses represent the structure dimension of the
community. Structure is defined as the services and resources within the community. This
includes service use patterns, treatment data from various health agencies, and
provider-to-client ratios.
A nurse has invited community members to participate as full partners in creating changes to
improve the health of the community. Which of the following may be an unexpected
consequence of this action?
a. A change in the distribution or redistribution of power and influence
b. An increase in awareness of the importance of health
c. Continued ongoing interest in community health activities
d. Improved family functioning and involvement in health activities
ANS: A
Collaborative practice models involving the community and nurses in joint decision-making
and specific nursing roles are required. Nurses must remember that collaboration means
shared roles and a cooperative effort in which participants want to work together. These
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