UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 EXAM 3 QUESTION AND SOLUTIONS | 100% PASS

UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 EXAM 3 QUESTION AND SOLUTIONS | 100% PASS Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - ANSWER-Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin. Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - ANSWER-A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses. Antidepressants increase - ANSWER-Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters. if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - ANSWER-Neurotransmitters do not have time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - ANSWER-HPA system dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of people suffering from major depression. Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - - ANSWER-Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse transmission neurofibrillary tangles - ANSWER-are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to neurons of the brain. Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with - ANSWER-Memory loss Most common cause of dementia - ANSWER-Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years Characteristics of Alzheimer's - ANSWER-Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life Parkinson's Disease is - ANSWER-Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a shaking palsy Parkinson's disease is associated with - ANSWER-basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine; Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - ANSWER-Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities. 2 Main Categories of CVA - ANSWER-Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Hemorrhagic CVA - ANSWER-Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain tissue and increases ICP 2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER-Intracerebral and subarachnoid Intracerebral Hemorrhage - ANSWER-Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ANSWER-Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency Ischemic CVA - ANSWER-reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell death with associated cerebral edema 3 types of ischemic CVA - ANSWER-thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states. Thrombotic - ANSWER-caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due to localized occlusive process Embolic - ANSWER-caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain Hypercoaguable state - ANSWER-conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing blood clot to form and obstruct vessel Multiple sclerosis - ANSWER-chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction Acetylcholine - ANSWER-excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory- involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease Norepinephrine - ANSWER-Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress mood. Serotonin - ANSWER-inhibitory, involved w