Summary
Summary - Unit 3.1.12 - Acids and bases (A-level only)
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Aoid and BaseBrousted
① -
horry aids and boses .
→
Bronsted : proton domor
acial
-
howry .
s
When Twiis aid with waater .rHt arereleazld ,
aoid
represernt oan
h
HAcaq) t H2OC 3
→ H 3Otcaq ) + Acaq )
→ Bronsted Lowry
boase proton acceptoms
-
: .
Wher withr oratenuralreact wttehHt Of1
s ttohixscuse
toorm ,
represent abase aBiaq ) tH2Oc1
)
→BHtcaq ) t OH ( dd ) ,
+
HtTonsdontEAtston thetn CH305
* own Tr Water . They
form
② AGals and Bases .
sAcad dlldbase Cchhe ther beweak or
stroug
NOTICE dud
adid baslsreact Water
they foraserarssleredciom
:
Wher with
Base
adissociatecTohise
strongBAses aluost
wepletely
D )
D Weak Bases dissociate
poorly
o Aaal .
p
Hid oissocioutectonise )lnwst omepletely.
stong
p Weak aid dissociatee
Poorly ,
Ail IBase
E.
g .
1 |
Tupe EBample Inforrmabion Equaitin ,
Weakacid ,
Ct3 CooH & other Boickwoard reaction foroureod 80 CH3 COOH ÷ CH3 COO
-
+ H
+
,
,
Coemsoxyic dcid .
not mbory
Htproton prodercad ) .
aidHcl It2 S04 HNO3 ForwardFeaotTon folooereolstrong ly . +
strong Hl ÷ H + C1 ,
, ,
LOtSoftHt Brudal ced ,
strongbasl
NaOH ,KOH Forwarod rcaction
faroured spongly . NaOH ÷ Nat + OH
-
,
Lots of OH- TonsProllQd
BolEkiberdsreactioonfroured80rhot →
+-
Weak的GQ RZH3 NH 3 + 做G ≈ ☆ H4+ 0
OH ToMsBrooboled
rm7
arrly
。
, ③ Aid- Base 5GaTons .
4 Whern oacials card sorsesreolct with each oftrer ,
protonareaxcholurgead .
E. .
HAcaq + Bcaq ) ⇌BH + + A
9 > ,
+
HAcaq) + HzOcus → H30 + A
G Waten bencaves asoa fsase wheraidisaddad to it .
strong dcids - tqilibrinml iesWell over to the
rignt .
aaids Equiliusrium well
Weak vies over to thhe
left
-
.
④ louic proouct ofWater
-
Kw .
s WatereTstsTM
EGiisrTuM WTth it' sTOUS
advesu't H 0miolecules
2
d
glass of Waater just contairn ,
t
Waten dissofateTntohydroxideTons mol tis 0 ,
+
÷ H 3O + OH
-
IHz☆
,
s +
H2O ÷ H + OH .
→ rdter olissociatesTntott 'sToHs
Wery Weakly ,
s itleotH- andHt TomscompredWTtMfH20oQLES ,
G AssuMe that the
onentration ofwatenMas constrnt vallle
KW [ H+ IIO5| ]
-
=
,
b
- &
Unit rholfolrot 1
+
上H I :
IOHI→ Tn
pure water .
N
ol2 dm-b
-
I 14
{wIH+ 2
=
= 1
× 10 - .
→
jn
pure water ,
The value of
Kow is The sime Tr a sorution at d giren temp ,
s Vallre
ahange as
terepchange ,
⑤ ThepH aquaiom
pHscobhe
:
+
0 aid PH 1 [H ]
very og
= -
.0 ,
T Neutral
14 basic
very
colorelating threptH of
⑥
strongdaids .
HC1 DIPrOTCGGd
D
MOrUBrotTEAbTl :
, HINO 3 .
p .
=
H2 S04 ,
produce 1Ht DiprotTE acid procdluk 2Ht Tons fon
s
Blurro}zotTcGid alissocicete to Ton s dissociate to
for eery
ohcial rwuclles ,
every acial hbolecules .
theHt Tools onceutraitionof tiods= Ix oncertrattion of the Htjons
of
s
s ooceertrationof
Acid = Gon
certraitrod .
+
IFH ]
+
[H ] =
[Aad ] .
=
IAcid ]
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