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Flashcards on the fall of Napoleon
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AQA A-level history French Revolution Flashcards on the fall of Napoleon
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a) Abensberg, Landshut, & Eckmühl – 20 to 22 Apr 09, a series
of victories by Franco-German forces against Austrian forces in
Bavaria.
Ratisbon – 23 Apr 09, French victory against Austrian forces in
Fall of Napoleon Regensburg.
Aspern-Essling – 21 to 22 May 09, Austrian troops forces
War of the 5th Coalition Napoleon back across the Danube river.
Wagram – costly French (& allied) victory against the Austrian
a) Battles [4] army, resulting in the Treaty of Schönbrunn & the end of the
b) Treaties [2] 5th coalition.
b)
Armistice of Znaim – 12 Jul 09, a ceasefire agreement
between Austria & France, ending the 5th coalition.
Schönbrunn – signed w Austria, France imposed harsh terms
that required Austria to cede various territories.
a)
Lützen – 2 May 13, French (& Italian) forces defeated Prussia & Russia.
Katzbach – 26 Aug 13, Russo-Prussian forces won against France, forcing them
to retreat to Saxony.
Dresden – 26 to 27 Aug 13, despite being heavily outnumbered, Napoleon
defeated Austrian, Russian, & Prussian forces.
Kulm – 29 to 30 Aug 13, Austrian, Russian, & Prussian forces won against
Fall of Napoleon France.
War of the 6th Coalition Leipzig – 16 to 19 Oct 13, Coalition victory against France meant they lost
some territory east of the Rhine.
Hanau – 30 to 31 Oct 13, French forces, whilst in retreat, defeated Bavarian-
a) Battles [8] Austrian forces.
La Rothière, Laubressel, Laon, Arcis-sur-Aube, & Fère-Champenoise – Feb to
b) Treaties [2] Mar 14, Coalition victory against French forces.
Paris – 30 to 31 Mar 14, Russia, Prussia, & Austria force France to surrender.
b)
Armistice of Pläswitz – 4 Jun 13, a 9-week armistice, ending when Austria
declared war on France on 12 Aug 13.
Paris – 30 May 14, signed between Charles Count of Artois & the allies, ended
the 6th coalition.
a)
Dos de Mayo Uprising – 2 May 08, a rebellion by
Spanish civilians against occupation by French
troops.
Fall of Napoleon Somosierra – 30 Nov 08, Franco-Polish victory
Wars against Spanish forces.
Bayonne – 14 Apr 14, Allied (British, Portugal,
Battles in the Spanish) victory against French forces.
a) Peninsular war [3] b)
b) French invasion of Russia [2] Borodino – 7 Sep to 26 Aug 12, French victory
against Russian forces led to the French capture of
Moscow.
Due to the harsh winter weather & lack of supplies,
French forces were eventually forced to retreat.
a)
Quatre Bras – 16 Jun 15, indecisive battle fought
between France & Britain, a tactical victory for
Fall of Napoleon Wellington but a strategic victory for France.
Ligny – 16 Jun 15, French victory against Prussian
War of the 7th Coalition
forces.
a) Battles [3] Waterloo – 18 Jun 15, Coalition (incl British &
b) Treaties [1] Prussian forces) victory against France.
b)
2nd of Paris – 20 Nov 15, signed after the defeat &
2nd abdication of Napoleon (replaced by Louis XVIII).
, a)
Economic impact caused unrest & damaged Nap’s rep as a competent ruler.
o French industries that relied on export markets suffered.
o Decline in the seaport economy & related industries (e.g. ship-
building, rope-making, etc)
The Fall of Napoleon The 1812 Russian campaign was partially a result of the Tsar's unwillingness to
uphold the CS. The mass starvation & death in Russia weakened Nap’s army
The Continental System
considerably.
Angry govs gained an incentive to ignore the CS & ally w GB, which weakened
Importance in weakening Napoleon
Napoleon's coalition.
The need to enforce the CS by invading Portugal drew France into the
a) Important [6] b)
Peninsular War
b) Not important [3] The economy was not a major reason for unrest @ home. Good harvests
prevented mass rioting & trade routes along the Rhine & Alps opened new
markets.
Nap’s ambitions to dominate countries like Spain & Portugal would likely have
created resentment & fear in other countries regardless, meaning they
already had a reason to ally w GB.
There were other reasons for the war (e.g. Treaty of Tilsit).
GB’s lucrative trade (being the only major industrial power in
Europe) allowed it to subsidise other countries waging war on
France.
o Portugal received £1.2mill in 1810, w regular
instalments
o Sweden from 1813 received £3mill/yr
o Russia in 1814 received £2.1mill
The Fall of Napoleon Britain had naval supremacy, which meant French colonies were
Britain during the Napoleonic wars vulnerable. It also meant GB could wage economic warfare by
blocking French ports.
How was Britain a threat to Napoleon? Britain’s persistent opposition meant Nap couldn’t gain the
universal recognition of his position as Emperor. This threatened
[9] his legitimacy of ruler.
GB mobilised a vast civilian support network to support its
soldiers.
o Army contractors supplied army kit (e.g. gunpower,
ships, tents, etc).
Women acted as sutlers (civilians who sell provisions to an army
in the field
a)
The need to enforce the CS by invading Portugal (Peninsular War) drained
Nap's resources & split his army on 2 fronts. It also damaged his rep.
The loss of trade & shortage of GB goods caused unrest in the French Empire.
It was a major reason for a fallout between Nap & his bro King of Holland.
The 1812 Russian campaign was partially a result of the Tsar's unwillingness to
The Fall of Napoleon uphold the CS.
The CS never fully achieved its aims.
The Continental System Economic problems in France contributed to Napoleon's loss of popularity.
b)
Significance in causing Napoleon’s fall The economy was not a major reason for unrest @ home. There were
generally good harvests which prevented mass rioting.
a) Significant [5] The CS was a product of Nap's ambition & over-estimation of his own powers.
It was this that concerned many in Russia (who were already bitter from
b) Not Significant [4] Tilsit). It was the Empire that they disliked, not specifically the CS.
The decision to invade Portugal was only partly b/c of the CS. Portugal had
already agreed to expel GB. Napoleon had ambitions of removing the
Bourbon monarch from Spain as he had in Naples & abiding by the Treaty of
Tilsit.
GB earned as much hostility in Europe from the economic war as France did.
The navy protected GB colonies on which GB depended on for its
The Fall of Napoleon economy (e.g. the defeat of the French @ Aboukir Bay (1789) prevented
Britain during the Napoleonic wars
Nap from threatening India).
GB depended on the navy to keep French naval forces trapped in
Britain’s naval power
harbour.
GB’s navy was far more powerful than France’s.
[=7, =3] o Even after 1811, when France had reached 72 ships (vs GB’s
100), French ships were of poor quality & the crew had low
morale.
o This focus on creating poor quality ships drained France’s
economy even more.
GB’s navy is what allowed them to support the Peninsular War, which
Nap saw as one of the key reasons for his fall.
Trafalgar helped prevent any more large-scale naval confrontations,
which is part of the reason why Napoleon resorted to the CS.
o Even a major GB victory like Trafalgar failed to fully defeat
Napoleon.
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