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Spread the Happiness. Assertion and Reason Statements Feedback: 9008271516XII_Phy_New_Chap-02 _ ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
S# Correct Assertion Correct Reason
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Work done on a charge depends only on Conservative forces like electrostatic forces have work
1 starting and ending positions. dependent solely on initial and final points, not the path
taken.
Potential energy difference is quantified by the Measurable work done defines the concept of potential
2 work done by an external force moving a charge energy difference.
in an electric field.
If electrostatic work depended on the path Potential energy represents a unique property of initial
3 taken, potential energy would be meaningless. and final positions; path dependence would negate this.
Electrostatic potential energy is defined using The concept connects to the real world by using the
4
work, a measurable quantity. observable phenomenon of work.
The actual value of electrostatic potential Adding a constant to potential energy everywhere doesn't
5 energy itself isn't significant; only the difference affect the work done (which relies on the difference).
matters.
Electrostatic potential energy of a charge is the The concept defines electrostatic potential energy as the
6 work done to bring it from a reference point work required to move a charge from a specific reference
(infinity) to that specific point. point to a specific point.
2.2 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL
Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as This connects the abstract concept of potential to the
7
the work done on a unit charge from infinity. measurable quantity of work.
Only potential difference matters, not the Work done depends solely on the difference, independent
8
absolute value at a point. of any reference point.
Electrostatic potential is referenced to a zero Simplifies calculations by setting a convenient baseline
9
point at infinity. for potential.
Path independence of electrostatic work defines Because work depends only on start and end points
10
electrostatic potential. (positions), not the path taken.
Electrostatic potential is the work done to move Clarifies potential as the work required to move a unit
11
a unit charge from infinity. charge.
Electrostatic potential is analogous to Both depend only on initial and final positions for work
12
gravitational potential energy. done.
2.3 POTENTIAL DUE TO A POINT CHARGE
Only potential difference matters, not the Work done depends solely on the change in potential,
14
absolute value at a specific point. independent of the reference point.
Electrostatic potential is set to zero at infinity Simplifies calculations by establishing a well-defined
15
for mathematical convenience. baseline.
The sign of potential reflects the direction of the Positive potential indicates repulsion, negative potential
16 electric field experienced by a unit test charge. indicates attraction.
Electrostatic potential is inversely proportional This reflects a weakening electric field with increasing
17 to the distance from the point charge. distance from the source charge.
A positive point charge creates a repulsive The electric field exerts a force away from the positive
18
electric field around it. charge on a positive test charge.
A negative point charge creates an attractive The electric field exerts a force towards the negative
19
electric field around it. charge on a positive test charge.
2.4 POTENTIAL DUE TO AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE
Dipole potential depends on the angle (θ) Relative orientation of r and p determines the combined
20 between position vector (r) and dipole moment influence of positive and negative charges on the
vector (p). potential at a point.
Dipole potential weakens faster (1/r³) than a Combined effect of opposite charges with smaller
single charge (1/r²) at large distances. separation (a) weakens the overall potential field, causing
21
a faster falloff with distance compared to a single charge.
Dipole potential is the sum of potentials due to Superposition principle applies because a dipole consists
22
individual charges (q and -q). of two separate charges.
Large distance approximation (r >> a) is used Exact equation considering separation distance (a)
23 for calculating dipole potential. becomes complex at smaller distances, necessitating this
simplification for easier calculation.
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, Spread the Happiness. Assertion and Reason Statements Feedback: 9008271516
XII_Phy_New_Chap-02 _ ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
S# Correct Assertion Correct Reason
Dipole potential is zero in the equatorial plane Positive and negative charges are equidistant from a point
24 (θ = 90°). on the equatorial plane, cancelling their individual
potentials.
Dipole moment vector (p) determines the axis of Magnitude and direction of aligned charges in p influence
25 fastest potential variation. the variation of the potential field due to the dipole.
Dipole potential (1/r³) weakens faster with Inverse cube dependence signifies a weaker influence of
26
distance compared to a single charge (1/r²). the dipole on the potential at larger distances.
2.5 POTENTIAL DUE TO A SYSTEM OF CHARGES
Total potential at a point due to a system of Superposition principle applies because electric potential
27 charges is the sum of potentials from individual is a linear quantity.
charges.
Relative positions of a point and each charge Distance and orientation between the point and each
28 determine their contribution to the total charge influence the strength and direction of their effects
potential at that point. on the total potential.
Potential due to a point charge is inversely Aligns with Coulomb's Law and the superposition
29
proportional to the distance (1/r). principle for summing individual potentials.
A uniformly charged spherical shell acts as if all Symmetrical charge distribution cancels out the net effect
30 the charge is concentrated at the center for of charges at any external point.
external points.
Inside a uniformly charged spherical shell, the No work is done due to the absence of an electric field
31
electric potential is constant. when moving a charge inside the shell.
To find a zero potential point between two Utilizes superposition principle and the inverse
32 charges, we set the algebraic sum of potentials relationship of potential to distance for point charges.
from each charge to zero.
Potential difference between two points reflects The sign of this difference reveals the direction of
33 the electric field's influence on charge potential change, guiding positive charges from higher to
movement. lower potential.
2.6 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES
All points on an equipotential surface have This reflects the mathematical relationship between
34
constant electric potential. potential and distance from a charge.
Electric field lines are perpendicular (normal) to If the field grazed the surface, work would be needed to
35 equipotential surfaces. move a charge, violating the definition of an equipotential
surface.
The electric field's magnitude relates to the rate The work done against the electric field to move a charge
36 of potential change with distance. depends on the potential difference, which relates to the
change in potential over distance.
Moving a charge on an equipotential surface There is zero potential difference between any two points
37
requires no work. on the same surface.
A single charge has radial electric field lines. The electric field direction aligns with the force on a
38 positive test charge, reflecting the source charge's
symmetry.
A uniform electric field has equipotential Observations and models confirm this planar alignment of
39
surfaces as planes normal to the field. equipotential surfaces.
Dipole equipotential surfaces differ from those The interaction between opposite charges in a dipole
40
of two identical positive charges. creates a unique equipotential pattern.
The electric field points towards the direction of The work done against the electric field to move a charge
41 steepest potential decrease. is related to the potential difference, defining the field
direction.
A steeper decrease in potential signifies a The rate of change of potential with distance directly
42
stronger electric field. relates to the electric field's strength.
The electric field is defined as force per unit The work done to move a unit charge against the electric
43
charge. field defines the electric field's magnitude.
Moving a charge against the electric field leads Moving against the electric field increases potential
44 to a decrease in potential. energy, indicating a negative change in potential for
positive work done.
Moving a positive charge from lower to higher This movement against the electric field direction
45 potential requires work. increases the system's potential energy, following energy
conservation principles.
2.7 POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF CHARGES
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