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Chapter 6 Test Notes: Nelson Science
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Elaborate test notes from nelson science textbook, chapter 6.
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Science Chapter 6 ReviewVocabulary:
Organism - a living system with parts that work together to carry out the process of life.
Unicellular Organism - an organism made up of only one cell.
Multicellular Organism - an organism that is made up of more than one cell.
Vertebrate - an animal with a backbone.
Invertebrate - an animal without a backbone.
Fungi - organisms that usually obtain nutrients from dead or decaying matter and cannot carry out
photosynthesis; nutrients are usually absorbed.
Protist - an organism that is neither plant nor animal, but shares many of the same characteristics of
both; usually unicellular, but can be multicellular.
Bacteria - the most basic of all unicellular organisms; lacks a nucleus.
Movement - a change in the shape or figure of all or part of an organism; a characteristic of all living
things.
Locomotion - movement that takes an object from one place in its environment to another; a
characteristic of animals, animal-like protists, and some bacteria, but not plants or fungi.
Cellular Differentiation - the process by which a cell becomes more specialized to perform a specific
function.
Tissue - a group of differentiated cells that work together to perform a specific function.
, Organ - two or more tissues that work together to perform one or more functions.
Organ Systems - a group of organs that work together to perform related functions.
Xylem Vessels - a system of tubes in a plant that transports water and minerals from the roots to the
shoots and leaves.
Phloem Vessels - a system of tubes in a plant that transports nutrients (such as dissolved sugars) from
the leaves to the rest of a plant.
Lesson 7 ~ Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems:
All living organisms consist of one or more cells, with unicellular organisms consisting of only a single
cell. Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells, organized into tissues, organs, and organ
systems. Organs are structures made up of two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular
function, and organ systems are groups of organs with related functions.
The structure of specialized cells in a multicellular organism is closely related to function. Organs, such
as the heart, are made of tissues that work together to perform a specific task. There are four main
types of animal tissue and three main types of plant tissue, each with its own basic design and
function. Plant tissues include protective, transport, and photosynthetic tissues found in
leaves, stems, and roots. Animal tissues include four basic types of tissue: epithelial tissue,
muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.
Organs, such as the heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, skin, and liver, are made up of two or more types of
tissue organized to serve a particular function. Organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, work
together to circulate blood, bringing oxygen and nutrients to cells and carrying away carbon dioxide
and metabolic wastes.
In summary, all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, with organs being organized into
tissues, organs, and systems. Each level of organization, including cells, tissues, organs, and systems, is
closely related to function and structure.
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