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infection-all resources-geri exam 1
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infection-all resources-geri exam 1__________ is the most important technique to use in preventing and controlling
transmission of infection. - ANS-Hand hygiene
____________ use generic barrier techniques when caring for all patients. -
ANS-Standard precautions
_______________ may prevent personnel and patients from acquiring infections and
transmission of microorganisms to other persons. - ANS-Isolation practices
_______________ requires more stringent techniques than medical asepsis and is
directed at eliminating microorganisms. - ANS-Surgical asepsis
A patient in isolation is subject to _______________ because of the restricted
environment. - ANS-sensory deprivation
Airborne precautions: - ANS-Airborne precautions: Focus on diseases that are
transmitted by smaller droplets, which remain in the air for longer periods of time. This
requires a specially equipped room with a negative air flow referred to as an airborne
infection isolation room. Air is not returned to the inside ventilation system but is filtered
through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and exhausted directly to the
outside. All health care personnel wear an N95 respirator every time they enter the
room.
An _______________________ monitors the incidence of infection within an institution
and provides educational and consulting services - ANS-infection prevention and control
professional
An infection can develop as long as: - ANS-he six elements composing the infection
chain are uninterrupted.
antibiotic resistant microorganisms - ANS-staphylococcus aureus, a common skin
bacteria od healthy OA, can enter body and cause infections. penicillin antibiotic
discovery helps this. however, strains can be resistant. so methicillin developed.
methicillin resitant s. areus (MRSA) !!!
b.c of risk of false negative results w/ TB screening, - ANS-a 2 step mantoux test is
recomended for the OA
,bacteria greater than _____CFU/mL confirms what? - ANS-UTI
blood will test positive for hiv how long after contraction - ANS-2 months
c diff symptoms - ANS--Watery diarrhea -- Severe
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain/tenderness
causes of death in 1935 - ANS-- Pertussis
- Measles
- Diptheria
- Scarlet fever
- Tetanus
- Polio
- TB
- Syphilis
causes of death in 2016 - ANS--Heart disease
- Cancer
- Chronic lower respiratory disease
- Fewer lung infections
cdiff transmission - ANS-- Shed in feces
- Any surface may become contaminated as a
reservoir
- Spread mainly by hands of healthcare
personnel
CHAIN OF INFECTION - ANS-portal of entry->host->infectious agent->reservoir->portal
of exit-> mode of transmission->REPEAT
clostridium difficile - ANS-most common nosocomial infectious diarrhea in nursing home
settings.
caused by-
-over use of antibiotics
-immunosepressant therapy
-gastrointubation
, -gastric feeding tubes
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION C DIFF - ANS--Also called CDAD An
anaerobic, spore
forming gram + that produces toxins
- Can occur when broad-spectrum antibiotics " wipe-out" normal GI flora
- Occurs most often with clindamycin and 2nd
and 3rd generation cephalosporins
- New virulent strain resistant to quinolones- also showing up in patients taking gastric
acid
reducers.
Contact precautions: - ANS-Contact precautions: Used for direct and indirect contact
with patients and their environment. Direct contact refers to the care and handling of
contaminated body fluids. An example includes blood or other body fluids from an
infected patient that enter the health care worker's body through direct contact with
compromised skin or mucous membranes. Indirect contact involves the transfer of an
infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object such as contaminated
instruments or hands of health care workers. The health care worker may transmit
microorganisms from one patient site to another if hand hygiene is not performed
between patients
Convalescence - ANS-Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear. (Length of
recovery depends on severity of infection and patient's host resistance; recovery may
take several days to months.)
Define the stages of an infection - ANS-1. Incubation- Interval between entrance of the
pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms (e.g. chickenpox, 10-21 days
after exposure)
2. Prodromal- Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, fever,
fatigue) to more specific. The stage were organisms multiple and grow and capable of
spreading.
3. Illness- Interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of
infection. strep throat.
4. Convalescence- Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear. Recovery can
take days or months.
diseases that can increase prevalence of UTIs - ANS-debilitated state
arteriosclerosis
diabetes
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