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12.1_ CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS.
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12.1_ CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS.
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12.1: CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTSThe basic needs of a plant are:
1. Energy (from sunlight)
2. Nutrients (from roots/soil)
3. Water (from root/soil)
4. Gas exchange (from leaves/stems → photosynthesis; from roots →stomata)
5. Protection from herbivores and diseases (thorns, poison, etc)
6. Reproduction (from seed, pollen, cones, fruit, flowers, spores)
Plants capture energy from incoming solar radiation and convert it into chemical
energy through photosynthesis:
● 6CO2 (g)+ 6H2O(l) → C6H12O6 (s)+6O2 (g)
● Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Glucose is a carbohydrate. A Carbohydrate is a molecule that contains only atoms of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1.
● Carbohydrates are the main source of chemical energy plants need for
maintenance, growth, and development.
● Plants are autotrophic.
Nutrient Adaptations: Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to synthesize
proteins, lipids, and other compounds needed in their cells.
● Plants have a symbiotic relationship with Mycorrhizal fungi that are attached to
their roots. This allows them to extend their surface area and absorb nutrients
and water. They give plants nutrients and moisture in the soil in exchange for
glucose.
Capturing Light Adaptations: Because capturing light is an important process in
photosynthesis, plants have developed different methods of maximizing capturing light.
For example, some plants adjust the position of their leaves to maximize their exposure
to sunlight. This process is called phototropism.
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