100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Volledige samenvatting cognitie $7.79   Add to cart

Summary

Volledige samenvatting cognitie

 7 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Samenvatting cognitie bèta gamma inclusief afbeeldingen, markeringen en belangrijke termen

Preview 4 out of 47  pages

  • Yes
  • June 24, 2024
  • 47
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Chapter 1




Cognition variety of higher
: mental processes

Cognitive neuroscience :
bridge between cognitive science and cognitive psychology


Mind-body problem : how can a
physical substance rise to our sensations , thoughts ,
etc.?
-


dualism : mind & body are
different substances ->
pijnappelklier
-




dual-aspect theory : mind & body are two levels
of expl on the same thing
.




reductionism mind terms of biological terms
:
eventually explained solely in
-




individual
phrenology :
differences in
cognition can be mapped onto differences in skull shape
·


different regions have different functions and thus different behaviors

·
size of the regions produces distortions of the skull >
-


different personalities


phrenology not true but , different regions do have different functions >
-



functional
to
have
determine specialization >
-

neurons some
degree of specialization
>
1. Empirical observations

.
2 Models that do not make direct reference to the brain




Functional specialization
-

Broca : no speech production 2 , cognitive neuropsychology luse of brain damaged
speech comprehension ~
Wernicke
patients)
: no
-




Information-processing models : behavior is described in terms of a sequence of cognitive stages
·
no reference to the brain

·
mind as a series of routines >
-
like computersystems /serial processes


Modularity : certain processes are restricted in the type of information they process

modules : one particular type of information > domain specifity
· -




Central
systems non-specific information
: domain independent
·
>
-

,Interactivity : later stages of processing can begin before earlier
stages are complete
·

top-down processing :
influence later stages on
processing of earlier ones

·

bottom-up processing information from :
simple to more complex
·

parallel processing :
information processed at the same time




Methods

recording
·




·
stimulation



Method dimensions

temporal resolution when is an event occuring ? physiological changes
·
:




spatial resolutions where is an event
occuring ?
·
:



·
invasiveness : in -
or outside the body ?


Challenges
to the mind without the brain ?
1.
possible study
2 .

functional imaging tells us where ,
not how

.
3
cognitive neuroscience is a new form of phrenology

networks become more popular instead of modules

· connectome :
map of neural connections in the brain ("wiring diagram")

,Chapter 2




Structure neurons :



·
Cell body /soma)
nucleus genetic code protein synthesis
-


:
,




·
Dendrites :
receive information from neurons

·
Axon : sends information to neurons /only one axon )
!




Synapse : small
gap between neurons in which neurotransmitters are released -+
signals
between neurons
·


presynaptic (before synapse) the direction
axon

postsynaptic /aftersynapse) reflecting
-dendrite


of information flow
·




action potential
I

Active presynaptic neuron > -
action potential > axon
-

terminal

neurotransmitters released into synaptic deft
>
are
-




Action potential change in the electrical properties of the membrane in an axon
·
:
a


Neurotransmitters
·
: chemical signals that bind to receptors on the dendrites or cell body of
the postsynaptic neuron >
-



synaptic potential (passive)
>
-
basis EEC


14 generated at different dendritic sites)
passive currents summed together > threshold
-
>
-

active electrical current +> comminucation




Electrical signaling and the action potential
Generation actionpotential :




1. Passive current ? Nat comes in

1 .

Potential inside the cell goes up >
-



depolarization
+
.K
3 goes out
>
-


repolarization (Natgate closes)
4
. Brief period inside more negative > hyperpolarization prevents
-
:




another depolarization straight away and a action

potential travelling backwards.

, depolarization +
repolarization = action potential

hyperpolarization prevents backwards movement (not able to depolarize) >
-


refractaire periode


Myelin fatty substance
: that is deposited around the axon
of some neurons > -


speeds conduction

<
nodes of Ranvier : where myelin is absent




Receptors : bind to neurotransmitters in
postsynaptic membrane >
-



transmitter-gated ion channels


1 GABA :
making the postsynaptic neuron less likely to fire (inside more
negative >
-
less likely to fire)
.
2 Glutamate :
making the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire (passively conducted



Amplitude of action potential does not
vary but the number of potentials does >
spiking rate > info code
- -

,




Type of information that a neuron carries is related to in -
and output >
-
selective response



Behaviorisme (1900-1960)
-




Thorndike/Watson/Pavlov/Skinner
*
-
stimulus >
-
"blackbox - response
-

wat er in dat brein gebeurd zonder het echt te weten

-

classic conditioning : het leren associeren van 2 dingen
~


operant conditioning : het leven van
gedrag door het te associeren met de gevolgen


Cognitivisme
-


hoe?

manipuleren symbolische representaties
-




-

architectuur cognitie
-


the mind zonder the brain



Glia cells :
formation myclin + tissue repair

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jannekevandijk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.79
  • (0)
  Add to cart