Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics All Answers Correct

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics All Answers Correct 6 Factors that influence absorption ️1. Route of administration, 2. Lipid Solubility, 3. pH, 4. Blood flow, 5. Local conditions at site of administration. 6. Drug dosage. (p. (726) Absorption ️The process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream. (p. 725) Adverse drug effects ️Undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect of a drug are known as_____________________(p.727) Allergic Effect ️An immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug. (p. 728) Anaphylaxis ️A sudden, severe allergic reaction that is life threatening and results in respiratory distress, sudden severe bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse. (p. 728) Antagonist effect ️In drug-drug interactions, when the combined effect of two or more drugs acting simultaneously produces an effect either LESS than that of each drug alone. Blood-brain barrier ️A structure in the brain made up of tightly packed capillary walls that supply blood to the brain. Protects brain from toxins. (p. (727) Cumulative effect ️When the body cannot metabolize a dose of a drug before another dose is delivered. Each new dose increases the quanta in the body, leading to toxicity. (p. 728) Distribution ️The movement of drugs by the circulatory system to the site of action (glossary, G-6) Drug interaction ️When one drug is affected in some way by another drug, a food, or another substance taken at the same time. Drug tolerance ️When the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug over a period of time, it is called____________(p.728) Eight Factors Affecting Drug Action ️Developmental, Weight, Gender, Cultural and Genetic, Psychological, Pathology, Environment, Timing of Admin. (p. 729-731) Ethnopharmacology ️The study of the effect of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medication: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. Excretion (pharmacologic) ️The process of the removal of a drug and/or its metabolites from the body. (p. 727) Factors affecting Distribution (3 of them) ️1. Blood flow to the tissues, 2. Drug's ability to leave the bloodstream, 3. Drug's ability to enter the cells. (p. 727) Idiosyncratic Effect (aka, paradoxical effect) ️Any unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by: over-response, under-response, or even the opposite of the expected response. (p. 728) Loading dose ️A larger than normal dose, usually given when a patient is in acute distress and the therapeutic effect is desired as quickly as possible. (p. 726) Maintenance dose ️The usual dosage given over a long period of time. (p. 727) Mechanisms of Drug Action (4 of them) ️Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretio