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Summary Lecture 13 + 14 - The Urinary System $4.28
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Summary Lecture 13 + 14 - The Urinary System

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Lecture 13 14 - The Urinary System

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  • August 14, 2019
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  • 2017/2018
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By: manishaanandbahadoer • 2 year ago

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Principles and practice of Human Pathology – Lecture 11 + 12 (14-6-2018): The
Urinary System

*Belangrijk: zie ook Jaar 2, course 6, Humane biologie 2, the urinary system.

The urinary system consists out of:
- The paired kidneys
- Ureters
- The bladder
- The urethra

The renal functions are:
- Regulation of the balance between water and electrolytes
- Excretion of metabolic wastes along with excess water and electrolytes in
urine
- Excretion of many bioactive substances, including many drugs;
- Secretion of renin, a protease for regulation of blood pressure – RAS (Renin-
angiotensin system)
- Secretion of erythropoietin, stimulates erythrocyte production
- Conversion of the steroid prohormone vitamin D, initially produced in the skin,
to the active form.

RAS Blood pressure regulation:
The activity of these enzymes can be studied with enzyme histochemistry.

Angiotensin  Renin  Ang I  ACE  Ang II  APA  Ang III
APA  converts Glu-4MBNA into Glu + 4MBNA (which reacts with AZO dye).

4BMNA = Napthol (?)

The average of a normal body cell = on average 7 micron.

- Everything below 100nm (0,1 micron) you cannot distinguish while using a
light microscope.
- Everything above 100nm (0,1 micron) is distinguishable while using a light
microscope.

The resolution of an electron microscope is 0,1nm.

- A normal podocyte has foot-like structures.
- When a cell is damaged, these foot-like structures are gone  resulting in a
flat cell  minimal change disease, because these losses can only be
observed while using an electron microscope.

The kidney:
- Arterie arcuata: divides the medulla and the cortex of the kidney.

A nephron and its parts:

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