Summary
Summary Human Embryology and Developmental Biology – Lecture 3
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology – Lecture 3
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology - Lecture 7 [Molecular Development]
-
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology – Lecture 2
-
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology – Lecture 1
Seller
Follow
rishology
Reviews received
Content preview
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology – Lecture 315-02-2018
Fundamental molecular processes in development, are:
- Cell specification
- Induction and cell determination
- Fate mapping
- Morphogenesis
- Morphogens and positional information
Cell Specification:
- Autonomous
- Conditional
- Syncytial
See lecture 2
Morphogens and positional information:
Positional information is used by embryonic cells to differentiate in a certain
direction.
1. First, the cells acquire an identity or positional value that is related to their
position in the embryo
2. Second, the cells interpret this information and differentiate according to their
genetic program.
Morphogen: a soluble chemical molecule that provides positional information. A
combination of different morphogens + different gradients of each morphogen,
determines what a cell will be(come).
The combination of multiple morphogen gradients defines the mode of pattern
formation. The general mode of pattern formation can be illustrated with use of the
French flag model.
French flag model: Different gradients different thresholds.
, Positional information can be used to draw/generate 2D patterns.
- Cells, not under influence of morphogens, stay in their default stage
ectoderm = epidermis.
Examples:
- Activin turns cells into different types of mesoderm, depending on the
concentration.
Different types of activin/morphogens initiate different types of gene expression.
Depending on the concentration, different genes will be expressed.
Induction of mesoderm by the vegetal region in Xenopus blastula:
Different parts of the vegetal hemisphere induce different mesoderm;
- Dorsal vegetal cells induce dorsal mesoderm (muscle cells, notochord +
neural tube)
- Ventral vegetal cells induce ventral mesoderm (mesenchyme + blood cells
surrounded by epidermis)
This indicates that different signals are given from the vegetal cells at dorsal and
ventral side.
Mesoderm is formed after interaction between the animal cap and vegetal pole cells.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller rishology. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.28. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now