WKU Nursing Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Cellular Pathophysiology| Questions with 100% Correct Answers

WKU Nursing Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Cellular Pathophysiology| Questions with 100% Correct Answers What are chemical agents and drugs of cell injury? - ANSWER Glucose Hypertonic saline O2 at high concentrations (60% or higher for more than 60 minutes) Poisons Recreational drugs (alcohol, cocaine) Environmental pollutants What is "cell homicide"? - ANSWER Necrosis What are the characteristics of necrosis? - ANSWER Cytopla smic swelling Rupture of plasma membrane Swelling of cytoplasmic organelles Moderate chromatin condensation What engulfs the dead cell after necrosis? - ANSWER Either a neutrophil or a monocyte What are the six types of necrosis? - ANSWER Coagulat ive Liquefactive Caseous Fat Fibroid or vascular Gangrenous What is coagulative necrosis? - ANSWER Necrosis due to an interruption in blood flow What is liquefactive necrosis? - ANSWER Enzymatic digestion of cellular components What is caseou s necrosis? - ANSWER Occurs when the necrotic cells disintegrate but the cellular debris remains in the area for months to years What is fat necrosis? - ANSWER Damaged cells release lipases, which digest fat cells resulting in calcium soaps What is f ibroid necrosis? - ANSWER Immune reactions in vessels What is gangrenous necrosis? - ANSWER A form of coagulative necrosis that represents a combination of impaired blood flow and bacterial invasion What type of necrosis infarcts in any tissue except the brain? - ANSWER Coagulative necrosis What kind of necrosis is seen in infections and brain infarcts? - ANSWER Liquefactive What type of necrosis is due to lots of neutrophils around releasing their toxic contents, "liquifying" the tissue? - ANSW ER Liquefactive necrosis What type of necrosis is seen in TB and granuloma? - ANSWER Caseous necrosis What type of necrosis is seen in acute pancreatitis? - ANSWER Fat necrosis What type of necrosis releases immune complexes (antigen -antibody com plexes) and fibrin in the vessel walls? - ANSWER Fibroid necrosis In what type of necrosis does an entire lim lose blood supply and die? (usually the lower leg) - ANSWER Gangrenous necrosis In what type of necrosis does the skin look black and dead; underlying tissues are in varying stages of decomposition. - ANSWER Gangrenous necrosis What is a condition that involves the death and decay of tissue, usually in the extremities due to loss of blood supply? - ANSWER Gangrene What are the three type s of gangrene? - ANSWER Gas, Wet and Dry Which type of gangrene, wet or dry, is a bacterial infection present? - ANSWER Wet gangrene Which type of gangrene, wet or dry, is copious tissue liquefaction present? - ANSWER Wet gangrene Which gangrene, wet or dry, has dull, aching pain, extremely painful to palpate, cold, dry and wrinkled in the early stages? - ANSWER Dry gangrene Which gangrene, wet or dry, does the skin gradually change in color from dark drown to dark purple -blue, to completely bla ck in later stages? - ANSWER Dry gangrene Which type of gangrene, wet or dry, gives off an offensive odor? - ANSWER Wet gangrene