NST 160 - The Microbiome
Composition of our cells and genes - ANS-about 10% of our cells and <1% of our genes
are human, remainder are microbial
The human microbiome includes... - ANS-Bacteria, fungi, archea, and viruses
How does microbiomes vary? - ANS-Vary at different anatomical sites and
inter-individually
Affect of microbiome composition - ANS-Impacts energy storage, digestion, and
immune response
Where does most of your microbiome live? - ANS-Stomach, colon, intestines
What has a large effect on establishing early microbiome? - ANS-Delivery method
(baby) and early diet
What impacts change of microbiome? - ANS-age, diet, and treatment with antibiotics
What are the 3 distinct enterotypes based on? - ANS-Based on variations in proportions
of 3 bacteria genera: bacreroides, prevotella, and ruminoccus
enterotype - ANS-classification of living organisms based on its bacteriological
ecosystem in the gut microbiome
Western diet (compared to african) results in... - ANS--Less gut microbiome diversity
(linked to serval diseases)
- Decreased levels of SCFA produces
-Higher firmicute to bacteriodete ratio (correlates to increase obesity risk)
Difference between african and western diet - ANS-African has a vegetarian diet while
western relies heavily on animal protein, starch, sugar, and fat. African also consumes
less calories than western
Germ-free animals vs animals with re-established microbiome - ANS-Germ free gain
less weight on high fat diet and show decreased energy extraction
microbiome and obesity - ANS-Obese animals show a change in microbiome
composition which is in part causal to the obesity phenotype
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