BY 101 Chp 19
accesory organs - ✅✅-outside of the digestive tract but produce or secrete substances for
digestion
chemical digestion - ✅✅-salivary glands secrete saliva and enzymes in saliva break down
sugars
Digestive System - ✅✅-metabolizes food to be used for energy by the body
digestive tract - ✅✅-long tube with openings at the mouth and anus
Epiglottis - ✅✅-thin flap of cartilage below the tongue; keeps swallowed food from entering
the trachea
esophagus - ✅✅-leads to the stomach
gall stones - ✅✅-crystallized bile resulting from excess water removal
Gallbladder - ✅✅-stores and concentrates bile (by removing water) to be released into the
small intestine
gastrin - ✅✅-produced by stomach after eating; stimulates production of gastric juices
large intestine (colon) - ✅✅-holds materials not absorbed in small intestine
liver - ✅✅-produces bile to help dissolve fats in the small intestine; helps metabolize toxins
(alcohol and drugs)
lower esophageal sphincter - ✅✅
-ring of muscles at base of esophagus; prevents backflow
of stomach contents in lower esophagus
mechanical digestion - ✅✅
-physical breakdown of food (teeth grind food to increase
surface area for enzyme exposure)
✅✅-transport nutrients into blood vessels of villi
microvilli -
pancreas - ✅✅-produces secretions to neutralize stomach acids and enzymes to digest
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids
Peristalsis - ✅✅
-rhythmic waves of involuntary, smooth muscle contractions push food
down esophagus to stomach
Pharynx - ✅✅-forms the back of the throat and branches into 2 tubes- trachea and
esophagus
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