Exam 1 for NU560
Eukaryotes - ANS-Cells that contain nuclei, larger, larger intracellular anatomy, have organelles
Prokaryotes - ANS-no organelles, no encasing of genetic material
- ANS-structure and support
Cellular Fx: Movement - ANS-
Cellular Fx: Conductivity - ANS-
Cellular Fx: Metabolic Absorption - ANS-take in an use nutrients
Cellular Fx: Secretion - ANS-
Cellular Fx: Excretion - ANS-
Cellular Fx: Respiration - ANS-cell can use oxygen and convert it energy
Cellular Fx: Reproduction - ANS-cells divide to form new cells
Cellular Fx: Communication - ANS-communicate, ex: neurotransmitters
3 Components of a cell - ANS-plasma membrane, intracellular organelles, cytoplasm
Nucleus - ANS-Control center of the cell, prominent organelle, 10% of space, it contains the
genetic material, surrounded by nuclear envelope,
Cytoplasm - ANS-fills the space between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm function - ANS--synthesis and transport
-isolates and eliminates wastes
-metabolic processes
-maintenance of cellular motility
-storage
Ribosomes structure - ANS-Ribonucleic acid (RNA protein complexes: free vs. attached
ribosomes
Antibiotics (some work) - ANS-by shutting down the ribosomes in bacteria
, Ribosomes fuction - ANS-synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum structure - ANS-network of tubular or saclike channels: smooth vs rough
endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum fuction - ANS-process, transports molecules to their specific destinations
either inside or outside the cell, site of protein synthesis; senses cellular stress
Ribosomes are nucleoproteins that - ANS-synthesize a signal recognition sequence
Golgi Complex structure - ANS-flattened, smooth membranes, secretory vesicles and cisternae,
proteins from the ER that are package in the golgi complex
Golgi complex fuctions - ANS-refining plant and directs traffic, processes, secretes and releases
substances especially protein from cells
Golgi complex functions - ANS-finishing, packaging, and mailing center, sends them to their final
destination
Lysosomes - ANS-recycling center(recycle worn out cell parts) and garbage trucks
Lysosomes structure - ANS-saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex
Lysosomes fxn - ANS-intracellular digestion system, role in auto-digestion and autophagy,
digest foreign bacteria that invade the cell and rid the cell of toxic substances
Peroxisomes structure - ANS-contain oxidative enzymes, are the major sites of oxygen
utilization
Peroxisomes functions - ANS-detoxify compounds and fatty acids, use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from substrates, synthesize specialized phospholipids for nerve cell
myelination
Mitochondria structures - ANS-is surrounded by a double membrane, have their own genetic
material that separates from the DNA in the nucleus,
Mitochondria fxn - ANS-convert food to energy your body can use, is responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production, participates in oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is made in the
mitochondria, make copies of themselves
Cytosol structure - ANS-1. Semiliquid highly organized gelatinous mass
2. 55% of cell volume
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