CJ 240 Exam Midterm
In re Gault - ANS-Issue: Does the court consider due process clause of the 14th Amendment to
apply to juvenile delinquency proceedings?
OR
Were the proceedings used to commit Gault in violation of the US Constitution (specifically, the
due process clause of the 14th amendment)?
Miller v. Alabama - ANS-Issue: Does the imposition of a life-without-parole sentence on a
14-year-old child violate the 8th and 14th Amendments' prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment?
OR
Is it unconstitutional to sentence someone younger than 18 at the time of a crime to mandatory
life sentence without parole?
Roper v. Simmons - ANS-Issue: Is it permissible under the 8th and 14th amendment to execute
a juvenile offender who was older than 15 but younger than 18 when they committed a capital
crime?
Graham v. Florida - ANS-Issue: Does the imposition of a life sentence without parole on a
juvenile convicted of a non-homicidal offense violate the 8th Amendment's prohibition of "cruel
and unusual punishment?"
OR
Is sentencing a juvenile to life without the possibility of parole for a non-homicidal crime a
violation of the 8th amendment?
testimonial evidence - ANS-includes oral and written statements given to police as well as
testimony in court by people who witnessed an event
What factors affect a person's memory and their ability to identify a suspect? - ANS-line of sight,
familiarity with the area, positions, witness factors, etc.
crime scene and suspect factors - ANS--traumatic events can affect the recall of event. ex.
weapon focus
-Focus on a perp's face for longer than 1 minute will have a more accurate memory
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