Class notes
Class notes Science Science
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Best notes for science ch 4
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Test (elaborations) Science class 9
-
Science high school notes of science
-
No I don't need inspiration
Seller
Follow
manendrasingh
Content preview
ACTIVITY 1 (Page 58) Procedure Calculate the difference in the formulae andObjective To identify the composition of items present in molecular masses for (a) CH 3OH and C 2 H 5OH, (b)
house (presence of carbon). C 2 H 5OH and C 3H7 OH and (c) C 3H7 OH and C 4 H 9OH.
Materials required Daily used items like tooth brush, fan, Observation
spoon, tumbler pencil, books, bread, pen, clothes etc. (a) CH 3OH and C 2 H 5OH
Procedure Make a list of 10 things that are commonly These differ by a ¾CH 2 unit.
used daily and also mention their constituents with the help of Mass of CH 3OH
your teacher and parents.
= (12 ´ 1) + (1´ 3) + (16 ´ 1) + (1 ´ 1) = 32 u
Observation The list of ten things that are used daily are
Mass of C 2 H 5OH
mentioned below:
= (12 ´ 2) + (1 ´ 5) + (16 ´ 1) + (1 ´ 1) = 46 u
Things Metals Other materials
Toothbrush — Plastic, nylon (carbon) Difference = (46 - 32) u = 14 u
Fan Aluminium/ Iron — (b) C 2 H 5OH and C 3H7 OH
Spoon Stainless steel — These differ by a — CH 2 unit.
Tumbler — Glass
Mass of C 2 H 5OH = 46 u
Pencil Graphite (carbon) Wood (carbon)
Books — Paper obtained from Mass of C 3H7 OH
woods (carbon) = (12 ´ 3) + (1 ´ 7) + (16 ´ 1) + (1 ´ 1) = 60 u
Bread — Wheat (carbon) Difference = (60 - 46) u = 14 u
Pen Steel Plastic (carbon) (c) C 3H7 OH and C 4 H 9OH
Clothes — Cotton (carbon)
These also differ by a —CH 2 unit.
Note You can also mention any substance different from the
above. Mass of C 3H7 OH = 60 u
Conclusion It can be clearly seen that most of the Mass of C 4 H 9OH
substances contain carbon in it. = (12 ´ 4) + (1 ´ 9) + (16 ´ 1) + (1 ´ 1) = 74 u
Difference = (74 - 60) u = 14 u
Viva Questions
Note Other homologous series that you can considered are:
1. Write some materials which are made up of wood
only. Carboxylic
Chloroalkane Aldehyde Ketone
2. Which element is found in most of the items that are acid
found around us? O
3. Out of pen, tumbler, fan, spoon which material is ½½
CH 3Cl HCHO CH 3 ¾ C ¾ CH 3 HCOOH
made up of glass?
O
4. Name the source from which paper is obtained? ½½
5. Write some compounds which are not made up of C 2H5Cl CH 3CHO C 2H5 ¾ C ¾ CH 3 CH 3COOH
carbon. O
½½
ACTIVITY 2 (Page 67) C 3H7 Cl C 2H5CHO C 3H7 ¾ C ¾ CH 3 C 2H5COOH
O
Objective To show that successive members of a
½½
homologous series differ by a ¾CH 2 unit in formula and C 4H 9Cl C 3H7 CHO C 4H 9 ¾ C ¾ CH 3 C 3H7 COOH
by 14-unit in molecular mass.
, Conclusion All of these groups possess a similarity, i.e. ACTIVITY 4 (Page 69)
two consecutive members differ by a —CH 2 group and
in molecular mass by14 u. Objective To check the conditions in which complete or
incomplete combustion of fuels occurs.
Viva Questions Materials Required Bunsen burner and a controller (to
1. By how many carbon and hydrogen atoms, do any control the amount of gas coming out of the burner).
two adjacent numbers homologous series differ? Procedure Light a Bunsen burner and adjust the air hole at the
2. Which two of the following compounds could base to get different types of flames in the presence of smoke.
belong to the same homologous series? Observation
C 2 H 6 O 2 , C 2 H 6 O, C 2 H 5 , CH 4 O l If hole is closed, yellow, sooty flame is produced and on
3. Give the formulae of any two higher homologues of placing a spoon above the flame, black deposits of carbon is
methane. obtained.
4. Name the second member of alkyne homologous l If hole is open, blue flame is produced and on placing a
series. What is its structural formula? spoon above the flame, no deposit is obtained.
5. Give the IUPAC name of HCOOH. Conclusion In excess of air, complete combustion takes place
and blue flame is produced. If there is insufficient supply of air,
ACTIVITY 3 (Page 69) incomplete combustion takes place and yellow flame is
produced.
Objective To study the nature of compound, whether it
is saturated or unsaturated by burning. Viva Questions
Materials Required Naphthalene, camphor, alcohol, 1. On placing a spatula above the flame (if hole is closed),
spatula, spirit lamp/burner etc. the black deposits of which substance are obtained ?
Procedure Take some carbon compounds (naphthalene, 2. On closing the hole, we get yellow sooty flame, why?
camphor, alcohol) one by one on a spatula and burn 3. What is the advantage of air hole (inlet) in the Bunsen
them. burner?
Observation On heating these carbon compounds, 4. Which gas is produced during incomplete combustion of
following observations were made. fuels?
Deposits on 5. Which gas is produced during the complete combustion
Carbon compounds Nature of flame
spatula of fuels?
Naphthalene Smoky flame Carbon deposits
Camphor Smoky flame Carbon deposits ACTIVITY 5 (Page 70)
Alcohol Non-sooty flame No carbon Objective To study the oxidising properties of KMnO 4 .
Conclusion Non-sooty flame of alcohol indicates Materials Required Ethanol, 5% alk. KMnO 4 , beaker,
complete combustion or saturated nature whereas smoky dropper, test tubes, water bath, burner etc.
flame of camphor and naphthalene indicates incomplete Procedure
combustion and presence of multiple bonds or
1. Take about 3 mL of ethanol in a test tube and warm it
unsaturated nature.
gently in a water bath.
Viva Questions 2. Add 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop
1. How can saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons by drop to this solution.
be differentiated on the basis of combustion? Observation The colour of KMnO 4 slowly fades and
2. Why unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a sooty gradually it disappears completely. When excess of KMnO 4 is
flame? added, the colour will not disappear.
3. Which type of bond indicates the incomplete Reaction Involved
combustion? Alk. KMn O 4
CH 3CH 2 ¾ OH ¾¾¾¾¾® CH 3COOH
4. Name two compound which gives smoke flame on Ethanol D Ethanoic acid
heating.
Conclusion Alcohol decolourises KMnO 4 but acid does not .
5. Out of saturated and unsaturated compounds, In excess of KMnO 4 , alcohol gets completely converted into
which are usually not very reactive?
acid which does not decolourise KMnO 4 .
02 ll ne Science 10th
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller manendrasingh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81113 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now