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SOCS 185 TEST BANK MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+$5.49
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SOCS 185 TEST BANK MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
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SOCS 185 TEST BANK MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
SOCS 185 TEST BANK MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. KARL MARX
what are the types of value?: use value
exchange value
surplus value
2. what is use value?: subjective, qualitative measure of some human want or need (what
a commodity is "used for")
3. what is exchange value?: objective, quantitative measure of value of a commodity (and
what it is "exchanged for"), based upon quantity of labor required to produce it
4. what is surplus value?: value extracted by capital during production process by not
paying the workers the full value of their labor in terms of how much value the added to
the product through their work; using this "surplus labor time" as the eventual source of
profit.... IMAGINE a worker is paid 10 dollars an hour to work a machine that gives the
capitalist 40 dollars of work...-20 for costs so capitalist= 10 dollars of SURPLUS VALUE...
think added value
5. what is Socially Necessary Labor Time?: the quantitative measure of exchange value,
determined by the average amount of labor it takes to produce a certain commodity in a
particular society
6. what are the two types of labor?: Concrete Useful Labor and Abstract Labor
7. what is concrete useful labor?: specific or skilled labor, associated with produc- tion of
use values
8. what is abstract labor?: general unskilled labor, associated with production of
exchange values or value
9. what is the exploitation of labor under capitalism?: Use of wage labor to produce
commodities by paying workers a wage rather than the full value added by the workers
to the product during the labor process
10. what is human labor vs. bee labor?: Human labor involves creativity and
imagination, even if result is poor
Bee labor involves instinctual repetition, often with beautiful results
11. what are the 4 social classes?: Bourgeoisie - owners of large capitalist enterprises
Proletariat - modern working class, mainly in factories
Peasantry -- rural laboring class, in situation of serfdom under European feudalism
Aristocracy (Lords) -- large landowners, more dominant under precapitalist societies like
feudalism
12. what is historical materialism?: a way of viewing society that emphasizes material
production, how we gain our economic sustenance as key to rest of our social
arrangements
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, 13. what is idealism?: the belief that ideas are the driving force of change in human
societies
14. what is dialectic?: contradiction, clash, or "dialogue" between two polar oppo- sites.
Can be between ideas and society, "ought" vs. "is," ideal vs. actual, material vs. ideal, internal
(mental) vs. external (physical), etc. Often the result of such a clash is another clash.
15. what is subjective marxism vs objective marxism?: Subjective Marxism:
emphasizes human agency and human ability to intentionally alter the course of history
Objective Marxism: emphasizes the ways in which capital has a "life of its own" and comes to
dominate people (think The Matrix)
16. what is commodity fetishism?: Commodity Fetishism is a form of interaction under
industrial capitalism in which the following take place:
human relations as relations between inanimate things, robbed of their subjectivity relations
between products of labor (commodities) assume a human form, with agency and subjectivity
products of labor hidden underneath a fetish that hides how things were produced
mystification of social relations to hide the underlying inequality and exploitation
17. what is communism?: Marx's terms for the new society of the future, based upon
common ownership of means of production and humans retaking control over machines and
capital
18. what is capital?: surplus value reinvested back into the production process
19. what is teleology?: belief that human society inevitably progresses in a positive way
over time
20. what is devine right?: the ideology that legitimized oppression of peasants and
superiority of aristocracy in feudalism
21. what is monopolization?: the increasing centralization of wealth in the hands of just a
few capitalists, which inevitably leads to the proletariat taking control of the means of
production
22. is is "freedom in the double sense"?: in capitalism you are free to quit your job, but
you are also free to starve
23. what are the means of production?: land, tools, workshops, farms, or other things
used alongside human labor for production of goods or other human needs
24. what are the means of subsistence?: tools and raw materials that people need access
to in order to survive (closely related to means of production)
25. what is division of labor?: specializations of tasks that also form social hierarchies
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