Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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Crime and Deviance detailed revision notes, covers everything needed for AQA!
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Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
Institution
AQA
Book
AQA Sociology for A-level Book 2
This is a complete set of detailed revision notes including studies for Crime and Deviance for the AQA AS/A Level Sociology exams. These are the only notes I used and I achieved an A*.
Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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CRIME and DEVIANCE:
FUCTIONALISM:
A good and functioning society requires a certain degree of crime and deviance for it to
evolve, challenge right and wrong and make progress.
DURKHEIM:
A world where no one did anything wrong would be:
- Stagnant, no evolution or questioning
- Dysfunctional (anomie, = no norms/chaos, cause of rapid change, breakdown in
political authority etc. E.g. Rosa Parks)
- Slightest misdemeanour would be seen as catastrophic.
THE COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE: Shared emotions and views e.g. attitude towards terrorism.
There are two results, NO EFFECT/AN EFFECT e.g. public punishment may restore ‘social
equilibrium’.
BOUNDARY MAINTENANCE: what is deemed as acceptable or not. This is constantly
changing e.g. attitudes to homosexuality (1969 = same sex couples). Society can, Shift the
line, Relax the line or Enforce the line. The shift is a result of public pressure.
Anomie would be the dysfunction. This is the collect of no norms, chaos. This can be caused
by a rebellion/breakdown in political authority. E.g. caused by a civil war/rapid change in
technology.
Kingsley Davis: we need a degree of deviance as it serves as pressure releases which avoids
total anomie, = Safety Values. An example given, Prostitution serves families as men can
release pressure and then return home as a father/husband. This therefore keeps the family
functional.
Criticism: need for prostitute shows the dysfunction in the nuclear family.
Travis Hirsch: RIGHT WING, CONTROL THEORY. All functioning societies have police.
Hirschi states Informal control is more influential than formal control. But informal
control only is effective if there are BONDS OF ATTACHMENT. E.g. = parents, friends. This
is more effective as e.g. Police are not in your personal life. HOWEVER: Hirschi, Control
Theory: crime creates more issues and it therefore counter intuitive.
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