100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary War and Statebuilding in Afghanistan key terms $4.82
Add to cart

Summary

Summary War and Statebuilding in Afghanistan key terms

2 reviews
 119 views  16 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution

In this document I have made an overview of the most important key terms from the lectures and literature. Since the topic of Afghanistan is very complicated, this document has helped me to get all the information and facts straight, and I was able to draw connection between different topics in ord...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 13  pages

  • August 20, 2019
  • 13
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

2  reviews

review-writer-avatar

By: mikekrijnen53 • 11 months ago

review-writer-avatar

By: floortjevandongen • 4 year ago

avatar-seller
War and Statebuilding in Afghanistan key words

Legitimacy
- Great Britain invasion
 Invasion in 1839 and again in 1878 (in order to keep their colonies in the
region safe from powerful countries in the region such as Russia)
 During the second Anglo-Afghan war the Iron Emir Abdur Rahman Khan
was in power > despotism. Afghanistan now served as a buffer state: there
was internal autonomy with external support
 Durand Line; 2200km border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, to divide
Afghanistan from India (now Pakistan), it also divided the Pashtuns. The
line was never recognised by any Afghan government
 The Great Game: the trap in which Afghanistan found itself in between two
expanding empires; Russia and Great Britain. From 1830 onwards up to
the end of the 19th century
o Similarities with post 2001 situation: similar atmosphere and
tensions as during the Cold War. A replaced government by
foreigners (first by GB then by SU then by US). Fear of Islam and
the idea of a failed state (and that it needs to be fixed because it
forms a threat). The idea of jihad existed as well during the Great
Game
- Soviet Union invasion
 Invasion in 1979
 The countryside saw the communists as godless threat > mujahedeen
(supported by the US) counter attacked SU and Kabul government
 The Soviets’ major concern was its borders with Afghanistan and the
spread of Islamic fundamentalism from Iran, and to stop Amin’s rule
(PDPA party). Also power vacuum; ‘if we’re not there someone else will
get involved’. The US got involved by providing weapons to mujahedeen,
to stop SU (‘give SU their Vietnam’)
 The invasion was a flop, but this was hidden from the Soviet population.
Gorbachev initiated ‘peace’ attempts to have a pretext to withdraw from
Afghanistan. 1988 peace agreement Geneva
 Withdrawal in 1989, led to the rise of mujahedeen and the Taliban
(mujahedeen always fought against the SU). Now Afghans are fighting
each other with US and SU weapons.
- Taliban
 Birthplace in Kandahar
 The cornerstone of the Taliban’s claim to Islamic legitimacy is its sharia
enforcement agenda (Semple 2014, p. 5)
 Another way to legitimise is their fight for control of Afghanistan; jihad
(Semple 2014, p. 6)
- Pakistan involvement

,  Fear of invasion from India so they made a friendly ally with Afghanistan
by distributing money into Afghanistan
 Because the US lost an important ally in Iran they turned to Pakistan. They
provided Pakistan with weapons in order to fight the Soviets in
Afghanistan
 Many Afghan refugees fled to Pakistan
 Fearing the instability growing in Afghanistan the Pakistani government
began to slowly withdraw its support in 1994 in favour of the Taliban
(Collins chapter 4, p. 36)
 Directly involved in supporting the Taliban > Pakistan’s main purpose of
sponsoring the Taliban was to create a regime in Kabul which would be
favourable to Islamabad and to open an economic bloc extending as far as
Central Asia (Ibrahimi 2017, p. 951)
 After 9/11 the Pakistani government moved to full backing of the USA
- Warlords (mujahedeen)
 Legitimised the war against SU as a Jihad
 After SU’s withdrawal they needed a new legitimacy to fight; some
movements openly employed an ethnic discourse (Hezb-i wahdat,
Jumbesh), while others did so implicitly (Hezb-i islami and Ettehad).
However this needs to be put into context, since ethnic identity often
wasn’t that strong (for example social characteristics (work etc) were
stronger identities) (Dorronsoro 2007, §31)
 Blocking the modernization (westernization) of Kabul
 Warlords failed to translate their victory against the Soviets into a
legitimate state-based regime. Instead, they dragged the country through a
civil war into which the Taliban entered (Mukhopadhyay, p. 8)
- Afghan government (president Karzai, president Ghani)
 Kabul has never had close ties to the countryside, it mainly governed itself
and other large cities. The state continued to represent an institution of
last resort in which citizens (from the countryside) had limited faith and
trust: only if informal institutions (tribal, religious, elders) proved unable
to address a given problem, would district, provincial or national officials
become involved in the politics of daily life (Mukhopadhyay 2007, p. 6)
 Najibullah regime 1986-1992 PDPA
 Installation of Karzai government in 2002; legitimacy was at the heart of
reconstituting the Afghan government (Barfield, p. 7). The Karzai
government would not have been formed if not for the “Global War on
Terror” (Mukhopadhyay 2007, p. 6)
 Declining because of its corruption and failure to govern > gives extra
legitimacy and support to Taliban
 Questionable monopoly on the use of force

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller charlottevanraaij. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.82. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$4.82  16x  sold
  • (2)
Add to cart
Added