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AQA GEOGRAPHY A LEVEL - Hazards

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  • Course
  • Unit 1 GEOG1 - Physical and Human Geography
  • Institution
  • AQA
  • Book
  • AQA Geography A Level

Perfect notes for A level geography - I achieved A* with only these notes. Notes expanded on all points in the specification with integrated case studies. Keyword text boxes highlight important terms. These notes contain all the required information to ace your exam. It has been created from textbo...

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  • August 21, 2019
  • August 21, 2019
  • 24
  • 2019/2020
  • Study guide

Subjects

  • aqa
  • geography
  • geo
  • physical
  • hazards
  • a level

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  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • Geography
  • Unit 1 GEOG1 - Physical and Human Geography
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Hazards
Concept of hazards
Key terms

 Natural hazard – perceived event that threatens life and property, often results in damage to built
environment and create severe disruption to human activities
 Adaptation – attempts by people/communities to live with hazard events – adjusting living conditions to
reduce level of vulnerability
 Fatalism – view that suggests people cannot influence or shape outcome of hazard – limited or no
preventative measures
 Perception – way in which a group/individual view the threat of a hazard event  determines action
 Risk – exposure of people to a hazardous event presenting a potential threat to themselves, their
possessions and the built environment in which they live
 Vulnerability –measure of the extent to which a community, structure, service or geographical area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted, on account of its nature or location, by the impact of a hazard.
 Community preparedness/risk sharing – involves prearranged measures to reduce loss of life/property
damage through education/awareness programmes/evacuation procedures/provision of emergency
supplies and taking out of insurance/international aid
 Frequency – distribution of a hazard through time
 Integrated risk management – process of considering So/Ec/Pol factors involved in risk analysis,
determining the acceptability of damage/disruption and actions to be taken
 Magnitude – assessment of the size of the impact a hazard event
 Prediction – ability to give warnings so that action can be taken to reduce the impact of hazard events
 Resilience – sustainability of individuals or communities to be able to utilise available resources to
respond to/withstand and recover from effects of natural hazards




Natural hazards and potential impacts
 Can result in disruption of human systems  death, injury, property and communication system damage
and disruption of economic activities
 Risk of hazard increased  urbanisation forces people into vulnerable positions
 Hazard – process/phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, So/Ec disruption or environmental degradation

Common characteristics of natural hazards

 Clear origins and effects produced are distinctive
 Short/non-existent warning period before event
 Exposure to risk is often involuntary (mostly in LEDCS, in MEDCs people are more likely to be aware of risks)
 Most losses of life and property damage occurs shortly after event, but effects can still be felt over long term
 Scale and intensity of event requires an emergency response

Risk and vulnerability
Why do people live in areas with high risk?

 Hazardous events are unpredictable
 Lack of alternative –So/Pol/Ec/Cul factors mean people can’t move and give up homes, land & employment
 Changing levels of risk – relatively safe places can become riskier – deforestation  flooding more likely
 Cost/benefit – advantages of living in hazardous areas may outweigh risks in people’s minds – California
 Perception
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