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World History Semester 2 Final Exam with correct Answers
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World History Semester 2 Final Exam with correct Answers
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World History Semester 2 Final Exam with correct AnswersWhat are the key ideas of Deism? - Answer 1. God is reasonable
2. Heaven exists
3. God is a watchmaker
What was another name for the Enlightenment? - Answer The age of reason
What was the 18th century philosophical movement where intellectuals were impressed w/ scientific movement? - Answer Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution - Answer gave Europeans a new way to view humankind's place in
the universe
geocentric - Answer Ptolemy; idea that the Earth is at the center of the universe
Ptolemaic system - Answer Ptolemy; the universe is a series of concentric spheres - spheres one inside the other; earth is motionless at the center of these spheres. The spheres are made of a crystal-like substance in which heavenly bodies, pure orbs of light - are embedded.
heliocentric - Answer Copernicus; idea that the center of the universe is the sun; sun-
centered
universal law of gravitation - Answer Newton; this law explains why the planetary bodies
do not go off in straight lines but instead continue in elliptical orbits about the Sun. it states that every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity
rationalism - Answer Descartes; system of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
scientific method - Answer Francis Bacon; a systematic procedure for collecting and analysing evidence; was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world inductive reasoning - Answer Francis Bacon; systematic observations and carefully organised experiments to test hypotheses would lead to correct general principles
logic, reason and the Scientific Method's effect on thinking - Answer effected thinking: "I think, Therefore I am", the principle of the separation of mind and body, the scientific method used to analyse and collect evidence, using practical matters than pure science
Galileo's most famous scientific advancements - Answer invented the Copernican system, the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter, humans were no longer at the center of the universe and God was no longer in a specific place
Voltaire - Answer his idea was that the universe was like a clock. God, the clockmaker, had created it, set it in motion, and allowed it to run without his interference, according to its natural laws
Montesquieu - Answer his idea was that England's government had three branches (judicial, legislative, executive) the govt. functioned through a separation of powers, each branch limits and controls each other in a system of checks and balances
Hobbes - Answer his idea was that humans were not guided by reason and moral ideas but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation. believed in absolute power to preserve order in society
Locke - Answer his idea was that people were molded by the experiences that came through their senses from the surrounding world
Wollstonecraft - Answer her idea was that the power of men over woman was equally wrong. woman have reason, then they are entitled to the same rights as men. woman should have equal rights in education, as well as economic and political life
Rousseau - Answer idea that through social contract an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
estate - Answer france's population of 27 million was divided into 3 orders (estates)
relics of feudalism (aristocratic privileges) - Answer were obligations that included the payment of fees for use of village facilities such as flour mill, community oven, and winepress, in the third estate
bourgeoisie - Answer was the middle class, included about 8 percent of the population, included merchants, bankers, and industrialists
sans-culottes - Answer ordinary patriots without fine clothes; 'without breeches'
the old regime - Answer the past government in power
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