Bio 211 Exam 1 study guide Questions And Answers Rated A+

3 basic shapes of prokaryotes - Spherical coccus, Rod-shaped bacillus, Spiral spirillum (if rigid) or spirochete (if flexible). 3 domains and give an example of each - Domain Archaea- Euryarchaeota Domain Bacteria- Thermus Domain Eukarya- Animal 4 classes of biomolecules and examples - -Carbohydrates(glucose, sugars) -Lipids(oils,fats) -Proteins(protein z) -Nucleic Acids(cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil, and adenine)(DNA) 8 levels of classification - Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, Family, Genus, Species acid - substances that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen active transport - The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient adhesion - the ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces. atomic mass - =protons (which are = to electrons) + neutrons atomic number - =number of protons ATP and what is does - -made of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates.-stores and supplys the cell with needed energy. -energy currency of the cell base - substances that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-) buffer - a chemical(s) that keeps PH with in normal limits bulk transport - The movement of macromolecules into or out of the cell (endocytosis, exocytosis) Characteristics of Life - Living things: -are organized -need energy and materials -maintain homeostasis -respond to stimuli (changes in environment) -reproduce and grow -have adaptations Charles Darwin - Theory of evolution cohesion - the ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding. correctly identify the proper way to write the scientific names (binomial nomenclature) - Use both genus and species name Italicize the whole name. Capitalize only the genus name. (Genus species) dehydrations and hydrolysis reactions - dehydration- loss of water molecule from the reacting moleculehydrolysis- molecule of water is added to a substance difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide and examples of each. - monosaccharide-Single sugar molecule polysaccharide-contain 2 monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis.(starch) difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic with regard to BOTH water movement and solute movement - Isotonic Solutions: Solute and water concentrations are equal on both sides of membrane Hypotonic Solutions: Concentration of solute in the solution is lower than inside the cell Hypertonic Solutions: Concentration of solute is higher in the solution than inside the cell diffusion - Net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient DNA and RNA - DNA- double stranded molecule held together by hydrogen bonds RNA- single stranded molecule element - A substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties Endocytosis (image) - Cells engulf substances into a pouch which becomes a vesicle enzymes - speed up chemical reactions Exocytosis (image) - Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and secrete contents facilitated transport - Movement of molecules that cannot pass directly through the membrane lipidsFluid mosaic model means with regard to membranes - Describes the organization of cell membranes functional group - clusters of specific atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton with characteristic structure and functions Functions and Names of ALL membrane Proteins - Channel Proteins: Allow passage of molecules through membrane via a channel in the protein Carrier Proteins: Combine with the substance to be transported Assist passage of molecules through membrane Cell Recognition Proteins: Glycoproteins Help the body recognize foreign substances Receptor Proteins: Bind with specific molecules Allow a cell to respond to signals from other cells Enzymatic Proteins: Carry out metabolic reactions directly Junction Proteins: Attach adjacent cells