, Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids Bases
Sour in tasteDerived from Greek
Bitter in taste
word’ ACIDUS’
Changes blue litmus into red Changes red litmus into blue
e.g. Hydrochloric acid HCl e.g. Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Sulphuric acid Potassium hydroxide KOH
Nitric acid Calcium hydroxide
Acetic acid Ammonium hydroxide
Acid-Base Indicators:
Natural indicators like litmus, turmeric, red cabbage leaves, and colored petals
from flowers like Hydrangea, Petunia, and Geranium can show acidity or alkalinity.
On the other hand, synthetic indicators such as methyl orange and
phenolphthalein are also used for the same purpose.
Some naturally occurring acids
Vinegar Acetic Acid
Orange Citric Acid
Lemon Citric Acid
Tamarind Tartaric Acid
Tomato Oxalic Acid
Sour milk (Curd) Lactic Acid
Ant and Nettle sting Methanoic Ac
Acids Bases
Sour in tasteDerived from Greek
Bitter in taste
word’ ACIDUS’
Changes blue litmus into red Changes red litmus into blue
e.g. Hydrochloric acid HCl e.g. Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Sulphuric acid Potassium hydroxide KOH
Nitric acid Calcium hydroxide
Acetic acid Ammonium hydroxide
Acid-Base Indicators:
Natural indicators like litmus, turmeric, red cabbage leaves, and colored petals
from flowers like Hydrangea, Petunia, and Geranium can show acidity or alkalinity.
On the other hand, synthetic indicators such as methyl orange and
phenolphthalein are also used for the same purpose.
Some naturally occurring acids
Vinegar Acetic Acid
Orange Citric Acid
Lemon Citric Acid
Tamarind Tartaric Acid
Tomato Oxalic Acid
Sour milk (Curd) Lactic Acid
Ant and Nettle sting Methanoic Ac
