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Human Physiology - Stuart Ira Fox - Chapter 3| Questions and Answers
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Human Physiology - Stuart Ira Fox - Chapter 3| Questions and Answers Cell **** Basic unit of structure and function in body Cell has 3 main components: **** plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles

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  • June 29, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Human Physiology - Stuart Ira Fox - Chapter 3|
Questions and Answers
Cell **** Basic unit of structure and function in body

Cell has 3 main components: **** plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles

plasma membrane **** surrounds and gives cell form, selectively permeable, formed by
a double layer of phospholipids

Protein functions: **** provides structural support, serve as transporters, enzymes,
receptors and identity markers

Carbohydrates in form of ________ and ________ are part of outer surface of plasma
membrane **** glycoproteins, glycolipids

bulk transport **** movement of large molecules and particles across plasma
membrane by cells

Cells use ________ to export products into the ________ via ________ ****
exocytosis, extracellular fluid, secretory vesicles

cilia **** hair-like structures that beat in unison

cilia contain ________ **** microtubules

some epithelial cells have ________ on surface to increase surface area for absorption
**** microvilli

What are finger-like structures that expand surface area? **** microvilli

Cytoplasm **** jellylike matrix within a cell consisting of fluid like cytosol plus organelles

Cytoskeleton **** a latticework of microfilaments and microtubules filling cytoplasm

cytoskeleton functions: **** gives cell its shape and structure, forms tracks upon which
things are transported around cell

organelles **** cytoplasmic structures that perform specialized function for cells

lysosomes **** "demolition crew" containing digestive enzymes

, peroxisomes **** "toxic waste removal system" which contains oxidative enzymes
involved in detoxification in liver

mitochondria **** energy-producing organelles

Mitochondria is believed to have originated from ________ **** symbiotic bacteria

ribosomes **** protein factories where cell's proteins are synthesized

Endoplasmic Reticulum **** system of membranes specialized for synthesis or
degradation of molecules

Rough ER contains ribosomes for ________ **** protein synthesis

Smooth ER contains enzymes for ________ **** steroid synthesis

golgi complex **** "manufacturing and shipping center"; a series of membranous sacs
that receive products from the ER, modify those products, and release the products
within vesicles

What is formed in the golgi complex? **** lysosomes and secretory vesicles

nucleus **** contains cell's DNA

________ makes ribosomes **** nucleolus

________ are lengths of DNA that code for synthesis of RNA **** genes

What carries information for how to make protein? **** mRNA

________ is transported out of nucleus to ribosomes where proteins are made ****
mRNA

Gene expression takes place in 2 stages: **** transcription (RNA synthesis) and
translation (protein synthesis)

________ occurs when DNA sequence in a gene is turned into mRNA sequence ****
Transcription

________ occurs when mRNA sequence is used to make a protein **** Translation

What refers to all genes in an individual or in a species? **** genome

Proteome **** refers to all proteins produced by a genome

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