Exam (elaborations)
NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions & answers
- Course
- Institution
NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions & answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
EXAMQA
Reviews received
Content preview
NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam1
A 23 year-old male presents to the ED with an overdose of phencyclidine (PCP), a basic
drug. How might we enhance urinary excretion of the drug? - correct answer-The Law of
Mass Action predicts that decreasing the pH favors ionization of basic drugs. We'd reduce
the pH of urine by administering ammonium chloride.
A drug is ________ . - correct answer-an agent that affects biological processes and is given
to prevent or treat diease; most are weak acids or bases
A higher Ka (association constant) means that the reaction is favored to the ______ , and
the drug is ______ . - correct answer-right; primarily bound to plasma proteins (we'd need to
sample a large volume of plasma to get one mole of free drug)
A higher Kd (dissociation constant) means that the reaction is favored to the _____ , and
there are ______ . - correct answer-left; more moles of free drug
A non-protonated acid is ______ . - correct answer-ionized and water soluble
A non-protonated base is _____ . - correct answer-non-ionized and lipid soluble
A protonated acid is _____ . - correct answer-non-ionized and lipid soluble
A protonated base is _____ . - correct answer-ionized and water soluble
Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is mediated by _________ . - correct answer-saturated
normal liver conjugation pathways followed by insufficient glutathione to conjugate the
metabolite NAPQI, which binds to hepatocellular proteins causing oxidative damange,
mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular death
Acidic drugs are _____ in the upper GI tract, but giving an antacid or H2 antagonist will
_____ the absorption. - correct answer-easily absorbed; slow
Acidifying urine using ammonium chloride will increase the excretion of _____ drugs -
correct answer-base
Alkalinizing urine with sodium bicarbonate will increase the excretion of _____ drugs. -
correct answer-acid
Association constant - correct answer-K1/K2 = Ka (liters/mole), or the volume needed to get
one mole of free drug when 50% of the receptors are occupied.
Bioavailability calculation - correct answer-area under the curve (oral) / area under the curve
(IV); expressed as a %
, Bioavailability is _____ for intravenous drugs. - correct answer-100%
Biotransformation - correct answer-Reactions in the liver that make drugs more water
solubule to be readily eliminated in urine or bile
Calculate the volume of distribution (VD) of a drug if the plasma concentration is 2 mg/L one
minute after you give 50mg IV. - correct answer-25L
Clearance - correct answer-the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time; not a weight
CYP450 inducers ______ the elimination of concurrently administered drugs. - correct
answer-increase
CYP450 inhibitors _____ plasma concentrations of concurrently administered drugs - correct
answer-increase
Decreased free drug in the plasma is associated with _____ in plasma albumin
concentration. - correct answer-increases
Dissociation constant - correct answer-K2/K1 = Kd (moles/liter), or the drug concentration
needed to occupy 50% of the receptors.
Drugs are largely eliminated by the ______ following biotransformation in the _______. -
correct answer-kidneys; liver (major), sweat and saliva (minor)
Drugs that are polar will act like _____ drugs. - correct answer-ionized, water soluble
Equation for the amount of drug in the body - correct answer-VxC (volume of distribution x
plasma concentration)
Extraction ratio - correct answer-the % of a drug that is lost in the first pass effect through
the liver
First Pass Effect - correct answer-Drugs cross intestinal epithelial cells and are delivered to
the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Then go through Phase 1 and 2 biotransformation and
become a metabolite before entering systemic circulation.
First-order kinetic effects - correct answer-have a constant half-life; elimination routes are
not saturated
Glutathione's role in acetaminophen biotransformation - correct answer-Conjugates the
hepatotoxic reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p -benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which can then be
renally excreted
Half-life - correct answer-the time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to be
reduced by 50% (takes several half-lives for the drug to be completely eliminated from the
body)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller EXAMQA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
85169 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now