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BIOL 2200 Exam 1 Questions & answers
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BIOL 2200 Exam 1chapter 22 - ANS-natural selection
The theory of evolution through natural selection is considered a scientific theory
because __________. - ANS-All of the listed answers are correct.:
- it is broad enough in scope to explain many observations
-it is supported by a massive body of evidence from many disciplines
-it is general enough to provide many testable hypotheses
An adaptation is - ANS-a trait that gives an organism a reproductive advantage in the
current environment
EXP:
Evolutionary adaptations are inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's ability
to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
evolution - ANS-descent with modification. change genetic comp of pop b/t generations.
natural selection 4 postulates - ANS--many offspring produced, not all survive (limited
resources)
- traits vary among individuals w/in pop and can be heritable (patterns bt parents and
offspring)
- some heritable traits provide benefits/ advantages in environment
- advantageous traits give higher fitness (survival and reproduction) so become more
common
Individuals experience selection - ANS-populations evolve
Which of the following statements best describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural
selection? - ANS-Darwin's theory emphasized that populations vary and change over
time.
, Which of the following observations would provide evidence supporting Lamarck's
proposed evolutionary mechanism of "inheritance of acquired characteristics"? - ANS-a
decrease in tail length in dogs after 20 generations of dogs that had their tails docked
(cut off) as puppies
hutton - ANS-earth is old and shaped by small slow changes-- not well received
malthus - ANS-economist. populations would grow unrestricted if resources weren't
scarce.
culver - ANS-fossils are evidence of extinction
Lamarck - ANS-came up with evolution originally- had few things wrong, changes in
traits through life w use and disuse and passed onto offspring. theory of acquired
inheritance.
weissman disproved w mice tails
lyell - ANS-earth is old and same processes have been shaping it over time.
uniformitism.
James Hutton and Charles Lyell provided which of the following ideas that paved the
way for Darwin's thinking? - ANS-the surface features of Earth were formed slowly and
gradually and the geological processes are still at work
Why do dark-colored rock pocket mice on dark lava flows have white bellies? -
ANS-The color of a rock pocket mouse's belly is not visible to a predator and therefore
is not under strong selection pressure.
Mutations are always __________. - ANS-Mutations are rare genetic changes that can
be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental depending on an individual's circumstances. A
dark-color fur mutation is good for a rock pocket mouse living on black lava and bad for
one living in the sandy desert.
competitive advantage - ANS-A small evolutionary advantage can lead to large changes
in a population. The larger the advantage, the faster the changes occur.
What does Dr. Carroll mean when he says, "while mutation is random, natural selection
is not"? - ANS-Natural selection can only work on variation existing in a population.
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