BIOD 152 MODULE 1 UPDATED QUESTION AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025
The nervous system
receives information, processes information, and sends out signals to the muscles and
glands to elicit an appropriate response
What is nervous tissue responsible for and how does it do it?
Communication between the cells of the body by forming a system of electrical impulses
What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The central nervous system includes:
the brain and spinal cord
nuclei
Collections of cell bodies inside the central nervous system
Tracts
the collection of nerve axons in the central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system includes:
cranial nerves and spinal nerves: all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord
brainstem regions
the midbrain, pons, and medulla
Cranial nerves project from the ___.
brainstem
Spinal nerves project from ___.
either side of the spinal cord
What do cranial nerves generally innervate?
the face, head, and neck
What do spinal nerves innervate?
trunk and limbs
ganglia
Collections of cell bodies inside the peripheral nervous system
nerves
hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together in a connective tissue
The ___ nervous system connects all parts of the body to the ___ nervous system
peripheral; central
two divisions of the PNS
Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division
The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the sensory organs via
the ___ division
Afferent
The peripheral nervous system relays signals or impulses from the central
nervous system to muscles and glands via the ___ division.
motor or efferent
Systems of the efferent division
the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
, The somatic system nerves are generally under ___ control.
conscious (voluntary)
The somatic system controls the movements of ___.
Skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
The autonomic system nerves control the ___.
glands and smooth muscles of the internal organs
The autonomic system is under ___ control.
involuntary
Divisions of the autonomic system
the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Roles of the sympathetic nervous system
activates and prepares the body for vigorous muscular activity, stress, and
emergencies.
Roles of the parasympathetic nervous system
operates during normal situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy
Neurons
nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses and relay information
Parts of a neuron
The dendrites, cell body, and axon
T/F: Neurons undergo mitosis.
False
How long can neurons survive?
A person's entire lifetime
T/F: Neurons that die due to brain damage can be replaced.
False
How long can neurons survive without oxygen?
3-5 minutes
Where are all nerve cell products synthesized?
The neuron cell body
The neuron cell body consists of:
a large nucleus with surrounding cytoplasm containing the normal organelles
Which direction is information is received and sent from within a neuron?
The same direction
Dendrites
numerous short extensions that emanate from the cell body
Role of dendrites
Receive information from other neurons and conduct those nerve impulses toward the
cell body
Role of axon
Conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to its axon terminals
Axon length
Up to three feet
What are axons composed of?
cell components like the cell body; lack rough endoplasmic reticulum
The axon depends upon the ___ to send the necessary ___ down the length of the
___.
ANSWERS 2024/2025
The nervous system
receives information, processes information, and sends out signals to the muscles and
glands to elicit an appropriate response
What is nervous tissue responsible for and how does it do it?
Communication between the cells of the body by forming a system of electrical impulses
What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The central nervous system includes:
the brain and spinal cord
nuclei
Collections of cell bodies inside the central nervous system
Tracts
the collection of nerve axons in the central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system includes:
cranial nerves and spinal nerves: all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord
brainstem regions
the midbrain, pons, and medulla
Cranial nerves project from the ___.
brainstem
Spinal nerves project from ___.
either side of the spinal cord
What do cranial nerves generally innervate?
the face, head, and neck
What do spinal nerves innervate?
trunk and limbs
ganglia
Collections of cell bodies inside the peripheral nervous system
nerves
hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together in a connective tissue
The ___ nervous system connects all parts of the body to the ___ nervous system
peripheral; central
two divisions of the PNS
Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division
The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the sensory organs via
the ___ division
Afferent
The peripheral nervous system relays signals or impulses from the central
nervous system to muscles and glands via the ___ division.
motor or efferent
Systems of the efferent division
the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
, The somatic system nerves are generally under ___ control.
conscious (voluntary)
The somatic system controls the movements of ___.
Skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
The autonomic system nerves control the ___.
glands and smooth muscles of the internal organs
The autonomic system is under ___ control.
involuntary
Divisions of the autonomic system
the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Roles of the sympathetic nervous system
activates and prepares the body for vigorous muscular activity, stress, and
emergencies.
Roles of the parasympathetic nervous system
operates during normal situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy
Neurons
nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses and relay information
Parts of a neuron
The dendrites, cell body, and axon
T/F: Neurons undergo mitosis.
False
How long can neurons survive?
A person's entire lifetime
T/F: Neurons that die due to brain damage can be replaced.
False
How long can neurons survive without oxygen?
3-5 minutes
Where are all nerve cell products synthesized?
The neuron cell body
The neuron cell body consists of:
a large nucleus with surrounding cytoplasm containing the normal organelles
Which direction is information is received and sent from within a neuron?
The same direction
Dendrites
numerous short extensions that emanate from the cell body
Role of dendrites
Receive information from other neurons and conduct those nerve impulses toward the
cell body
Role of axon
Conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to its axon terminals
Axon length
Up to three feet
What are axons composed of?
cell components like the cell body; lack rough endoplasmic reticulum
The axon depends upon the ___ to send the necessary ___ down the length of the
___.
