When did mandatory licensing examination begin?
New Zealand: 1901
U.S.: 1903
Florence Nightingale's research
1st nurse researcher, used data on morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari
Ethnicity of Population vs. Ethnicity of Nurses
Ethnic minority in nurses don't yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general
population
Black's concept on burnout
A condition associated with intense and prolonged stress in work settings. Reduced with improved
nurse staffing... mandate minimum nurse-to-patient ratio in some states.
Jean Watson
Theory of Human Caring
10 carative factors
Harmony in mind, body, soul
Altruism
Sensitivity
Trust
Interpersonal skills
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
-Mother Bickerdyke
-Advocate US veterans
-Built >300 field hospitals in the civil war
- Civil War lay nurse who rallied the soldiers, cleaning up the camps and the soldiers
Clara Barton
-Founder of the American Red Cross
-obtained and administered supplies and care to the Union soldiers during the American Civil War.
Dorothea Dix
, Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums
Hildegard Peplau
-theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing
-first nurse theorist to descriptive nurse-patient relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
-Patient as an active collaborator
-6 roles of the nurse: counselor, resource, teacher, technical expert, surrogate, leader
Lillian Wald
-Founder of Henry Street Settlement House in NY
-Founder of Public Health Nursing
-Activist for women and minorities rights
Virginia Henderson
-Defined nursing "unique function...to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or its recovery..."
-Fundamental elements of nursing through holistic needs
Florence Nightingale
-Founder of modern nursing
-Reformer of hospital sanitation methods
-1st infection control nurse
-Founder of first training schools of nurses at St. Thomas Hospital
-"Lady with the lamp"
Dorothea Orem's Self Care theory
-Patient's baseline ability to provide adequate self-care is assessed by the nurse to determine the
extent to which the pt is limited in providing his or her own effective care
-Supportive education
Characteristics of a profession
-Professional preparation and commitment distinguish an occupation from a profession
-Profession requires a duty to serve
-Autonomy to make decisions
-Service/altruism
-Specialized knowledge
-Autonomy/ethics
ANA's Hallmark of nursing
Individual accountability and responsibility
Code of Ethics for Nurses
-Values and commitments
-Duty and Loyalty
-Aspects of duties beyond individual patient encounters
-Reminds nurses and the public of nurses' obligations and responsibilities to patients and others
Barriers to recognizing nursing as a profession
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