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ILTS Content Test Elementary Ed(305)-Part 3_6
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ILTS Content Test ElementaryEd(305)-Part 3/6
4 basic laws of thermodynamics - correct answer-zeroth law: states that 2 objects in
thermodynamic equilibrium with a 3rd object are also in equilibrium with each other
1st law: states that neither mass nor energy can be destroyed; only converted from 1 form to
another(conservation of energy)
2nd law: states that the entropy of an isolated system can only increase; heat is not
transferred from low temp system to a higher temp system one unless additional work is
done
3rd law: states that as a temperature approaches absolute 0, entropy approaches a constant
minimum; system can not be cooled to absolute 0.
compare and contrast heat and temperature - correct answer-heat: energy transfer from 1
body or system to another due to thermal contact
temperature: measurement of an object's stored heat energy
mass - correct answer-measures how much of a substance is in an object
weight - correct answer-measures the gravitational pull of the earth on an object
density - correct answer-a measure of the amount of mass in a given volume
D=m/V
volume - correct answer-measures the amount of space taken up
specific gravity - correct answer-measures the ratio of a substance's density to the density of
water
thermal contact - correct answer-energy transferred to a body by a means other than work
heat - correct answer-The energy transferred between objects that are at different
temperatures
Models for the flow of electric charge - correct answer-used to explain the flow of electric
current, potential, circuits include water, gravity and roller coasters
magnetic field - correct answer-motion of subatomic structures(nuclei and electrons) produce
magnetic field; formed not only by magnetic material but also by electric current flowing
through a wire
,magnetic moment - correct answer-The strength of a magnetic field
electric charges as they relate to atomic structure - correct answer-electric force: attractive
force between the electrons and the nucleus
*electrical field: positive or negative charge creates a field of sorts in the empty space
around it
*electric charge: measured with unit Coulomb(C) is the amount of charge moved in 1 second
by a steady current of one ampere(1C=1Ax1s
electric current - correct answer-The continuous flow of electric charges through a material
rate of flow of electric charge - correct answer-expressed using the ampere(amp or A) and
can be measured using an ammeter
simple circuit - correct answer-a circuit that has only one pathway for electricity to flow
through.
example: flow from 1 terminal of a car battery to another
magnet - correct answer-a piece of metal, such as iron, steel or magnetite that can affect
another substance within its field of force that has like characteristics
2 poles: north and south
magnetism - correct answer-The force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials
magnetic domain - correct answer-occurs when the magnetic fields of atoms are grouped
and aligned. These groups form what can be thought of as miniature magnets within a
material. This is what happens when an object like an iron nail is temporarily magnetized.
Prior to magnetization, the organization of atoms and their various polarities are somewhat
random with respect to where the north and south poles are pointing. After magnetization, a
significant percentage of the poles are lined up in one direction, which is what causes the
magnetic force exerted by the material.
motion - correct answer-change in location of an object and is the result of an unbalanced
net force acting on the object
displacement - correct answer-Distance and direction of an object's change in position from
the starting point.
gravitational force - correct answer-a universal force that causes every object to exert a force
on every other object
F=Gm1m2/r^2
, m1 and m2 are the masses of two objects
r is distance between them
G is the gravitational constant G=6.672x10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2
force of gravity is calculated as F=mg
g=9.81m/s^2
Newton's First Law - correct answer-An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion
stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
Newton's Second Law - correct answer-an object's acceleration is directly proportional to the
net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass
*Force equals mass times acceleration
simple machines - correct answer-inclined plane, lever, wheel and axle, pulley
complex/compound machine - correct answer-a machine made of more than one simple
machine
friction - correct answer-force that arises as a resistance to motion where 2 surfaces are in
contact
2 types: kinetic and static
static frictional force - correct answer-The frictional force on an object that is not moving
kinetic frictional force - correct answer-The frictional force on an object that is moving
Phenomenon of sound - correct answer-Sound is a pressure disturbance that moves through
a medium in the form of mechanical waves, which transfer energy from one particle to the
next.
Sound requires a medium to travel through, such as air, water, or other matter since it is the
vibrations that transfer energy to adjacent particles.
Sound waves consist of compressions (particles that are forced together) and rarefactions
(particles move farther apart and their density decreases).
A wavelength consists of one compression and one rarefaction.
Different sounds have different wavelengths.
Sound is a form of kinetic energy.
pitch - correct answer-quality of sound determined by frequency
Loudness - correct answer-human perception of sound intensity
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