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CMSRN Exam Study Guide 2024 Questions & Answers 100% Correct Verified

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what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - dilutional hypotnatremia symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - edema, confusion, weight gain treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - fluid restriction what type of h...

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CMSRN Exam Study Guide | 2024 Questions
& Answers | 100% Correct | Verified
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased
serum sodium concentration? - ✔✔dilutional hypotnatremia



symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - ✔✔edema, confusion, weight gain



treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - ✔✔fluid restriction



what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - ✔✔true hyponatremia



symptoms of true hyponatremia - ✔✔dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia



treatment of true hyponatremia - ✔✔replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)



causes of true hyponatremia - ✔✔burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency



what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of sodium?
- ✔✔hypernatremia



causes of hypernatremia - ✔✔fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF



symptoms of hypernatremia - ✔✔dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria



treatment of hypernatremia - ✔✔decrease sodium, replace fluids



which electrolyte does sodium work with? - ✔✔chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance

,which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - ✔✔renal



what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - ✔✔PH, insulin, calcium



causes of hyperkalemia - ✔✔cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics, renal
failure, acidosis



symptoms of hyperkalemia - ✔✔irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder



treatment of hyperkalemia - ✔✔limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin, dialysis



what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - ✔✔hyperkalemia



what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - ✔✔potassium



causes of hypokalemia - ✔✔vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium wasting
diuretics



symptoms of hypokalemia - ✔✔muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow
respirations, cardiac arrest



treatment for hypokalemia - ✔✔potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels



normal calcium level - ✔✔9-10.5



where is calcium stored? - ✔✔bones



what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - ✔✔Vitamin D

, what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - ✔✔phosphorous



which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - ✔✔hypocalcemia



causes for hypercalcemia - ✔✔cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D, thiazide
diuretics, parathyroid tumor



symptoms of hypercalcemia - ✔✔sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired
memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones



treatment for hypercalcemia - ✔✔decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate
administration



causes of hypocalcemia - ✔✔decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels, renal
disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy



symptoms of hypocalcemia - ✔✔chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in fingers/toes/lips,
coagulopathy



treatment of hypocalcemia - ✔✔increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate, phosphate binding
antacids



sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? - ✔✔chvosteks sign



sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - ✔✔trousseaus sign



normal level of phosphate - ✔✔3-4.5

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