Course Description: Understanding Capacitors
This course delves into the fundamental principles and practical applications of capacitors in electrical and electronic circuits. Students will explore the structure, function, and types of capacitors, learning how they store and release energy. Key ...
INTRODUCTION:
Have you ever heard a crackle or seen a spark while taking off your
synthetic clothes or sweater, especially in dry weather? How about some
explanation about this phenomenon? Another example of electric
discharge is the lightning that we see in the sky during thunderstorms.
All these experiences are the result of the discharge of electric charges
through your body that accumulated due to the rubbing of insulating
surfaces. It is also caused due to the generation of static electricity.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields
discusses these facts in detail. Electrostatics deals with the study of
forces, fields and potentials arising from static charges.
ELECTERIC CHARGE:
The term ‘electricity’ is derived from Elektron, a Greek word meaning
amber. The properties of matter, atoms and molecules are determined
by the magnetic and electric forces present in them. There are also only
2 kinds of an entity called the ELECTRIC CHARGE.
An experiment conducted also suggested that there are two kinds of
electrification wherein (i) like charges repel and (ii) unlike charges attract
each other. The property that differentiates these 2 kinds of charges is
called the polarity of charge.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS:
When an experiment was conducted on electric charges due to frictional
electricity, it was found that conductors assist in the movement of electric
charge, but insulators do not behave in the same manner. Metal, Earth,
and human bodies are all examples of conductors, while porcelain,
nylon, and wood all offer high resistance to the passage of electricity
through them as they are insulators.
, PROPERTIES OF A CHARGE:
An electric charge has three fundamental properties:
Quantization- This property states that the total charge of a body
represents the integral multiple of a basic quantum of charge.
Additive- This property of electric charges represents the total
charge of a body as the algebraic sum of all the singular charges
acting on the system.
Conservation- This property states that the total charge of a
system remains unaffected by time. In other words, when objects
get charged due to friction, a transfer of charge from one object to
another occurs. Charges can neither be created nor destroyed.
COULOMB’S LAW:
Coulomb’s law states that the mutual electrostatic force existing between
two point charges, A and B, is proportional to their product which is AB
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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