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Summary GCSE AQA History Conflict & Tension Knowledge organiser
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GCSE AQA History Conflict & Tension Knowledge organiser with quiz questions.
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What was Europe like before WW1? How did Kaiser Wilhelm and the Arms The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Countdown to war…Race create rivalry with Britain?
Britain- Britain had a large Empire They had 710,000 men in the Triple In June 1914 the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Austria-Hungary thought that the Serbian
that owned 25% of the world. army, 122 battleships, 64 Entente The Kaiser believed in WELTPOLITIK (world Archduke Franz Ferdinand made a visit to Sarajevo in government had played a part in the death
There Empire was 400 million submarines & 110 planes. power) and wanted to build up Germany’s Bosnia. The visit was on a national day in Serbia and of Franz Ferdinand. Leading politicians
people. Empire. He also wanted to build up his navy. was seen as an insult and a threat by Austria-Hungary. proposed Austria-Hungary should declare
In 1906 he began to invest money into more Due to this, a nationalist group, the Black Hand Gang war on Serbia.
German ships being built. This was called the set out to assassinate the Archduke.
France- France had a lot of land in They had 1,250,000 men in Triple ARMS RACE. By 1914 he had 17
Africa but its population was falling the army, 46 battleships, 73 Entente Dreadnoughts, compared to the 29 Germany supported Austria-Hungary and
and its economy was declining. submarines & 132 planes. Dreadnoughts Britain had. However this a list of demands were sent to Serbia- this
panicked other countries as they saw that the 1.) The Archduke and his wife Sophie arrived at Sarajevo sparked the July Crisis.
Kaiser was preparing for war and the naval train station and began a car journey to meet the Mayor
Russia- Russia had no Empire and They had 1,200,000 men in Triple race showed tension with Britain. Sarajevo. The car was open topped and they drove slowly Serbia did not agree to the terms so
living conditions for most people the army, 26 battleships, 29 Entente to wave to people.
were poor. They had a population submarines & 360 planes. Austria- Hungary prepared for war…
of 160 million people. Russia then came to Serbia’s aid.
What were the M.A.I.N causes of WW1? 2.) The Black Hand Gang lined the route of the Archduke
which had been published in a newspaper. The first Germany then go to support Austria-
Germany- Germany had grown They had 2,200,000 men in Triple Hungary. The French (an ally of Russia)
under Kaiser Wilhelm II, it was the army, 85 battleships, 23 MILITARISM: Building up the army and member threw a bomb but it exploded underneath a car then prepare for war also.
Alliance navy and military supplies in your country. behind the Archduke’s.
producing more coal, iron and steel submarines & 246 planes.
than before.
ALLIANCES: Creating friendships with
people to support another country in a 3.) A furious Archduke cancelled the rest of his planned
Austria-Hungary- Austria-Hungary They had 810,000 men in the Triple crisis. visit but wanted to go to the hospital to see those injured Germany begins the first part of the
was made up of many different army, 24 battleships, 6 Alliance by the bomb. He wanted to take a different route but no Schlieffen Plan and declares war in France
nationalities which led to problems submarines & 35 planes. IMPERIALISM: Building up and one had told the driver it had changed so he got lost and and invades Belgium. Britain then declares
in 1914. maintaining an Empire. needed to make a U- turn. war on Germany, France declares war on
Germany and Austria-Hungary declares
NATIONALISM: A belief that your country war on Russia. Thursday 6th August 1914 is
the start of WW1.
Italy- Italy was a small country and They had 750,000 men in the Triple ‘is the best.’ 4.) The car stopped in front of 19 year old Gavrilo Princip
did not provide much military army, 36 battleships, 12 Alliance who pulled out a gun and fired two shots. Both the
support. submarines and 0 planes. Archduke and his wife Sophie were killed.
What was the Morocco Crisis? What happened in the Balkans?
Paper
1
1906- In 1904 the French tried to take over Morocco.
Germany wanted to prevent this from happening and
so pledged their support to the Sultan of Morocco.
1908-1909-The Balkans was an area of land made up
of several small countries- a lot of them were ruled by
the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1908 there was a
Conflict & Tension
1894-1918
This was seen as a direct challenge to France and in rebellion in Turkey and Austria annexed (took) Bosnia
1906 in Algeciras Britain and Russia publically backed and made it part of their Empire. Nearby Serbia were
France’s ambitions and Germany were humiliated as angered by this and although Russia tried to offer Battle of the Marne and the Race to the sea
France was granted special powers in Morocco. them support they were forced to back down by What was the Schlieffen Plan? (1914)
Austria-Hungary & Germany.
By late August the German troops had reached the River
The Schlieffen Plan was created in 1897 by Marne- 40KM from Paris. The German troops marched
the Head of the German Army- Alfred von into the valley of the River Marne and came under attack
1911- In 1911 their was a rebellion in Morocco 1912-In 1912 Turkey lost the last remaining parts of Schlieffen. He wanted to avoid a war on
from British and French troops. There was a 30 mile gap
against the Sultan. The Sultan asked the French for its Empire and each Balkan nation began to argue two fronts and so created a plan to attack between the two German lines and the British and French
help and they sent 20,000 soldiers to fight the rebels. between themselves over how much land they should France first through Belgium and then advanced and forced the Germans to retreat. 2 million
Germany accused France of ‘invading’ Morocco and have from what Turkey had lost. Bulgaria, Serbia and concentrate German troops on the soldiers fought with ½ million being injured or killed in this
so sent a warship called the Panther to Morocco. This Greece all fought to gain more land. The country that Eastern front to fight Russia. Belgium was first week of fighting. The Schlieffen plan had failed and
was seen as an act of aggression and Britain again gained the most from this was Serbia. It had doubled a small country and lacked a large military the Germans began to dig trenches to protect themselves.
backed France and the warship was ordered to leave in size and was the strongest Balkan nation in 1913. force. Machine guns and barbed wire were added and British
Morocco. Germany was again humiliated but Austria-Hungary were threatened by this as Serbia troops did the same- this started the line of trenches
remained a threat to Europe. now wanted to become independent. known as the Western Front.
PROBLEMS WITH THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
• Schlieffen assumed Russia would take 6 weeks to mobilise their army-
they did not, it was completed much quicker.
What was Splendid Isolation? How did it impact Britain? • Schlieffen was replaced as head of the army in 1906 and the plan was By early September 1914 both sides had dug trenches and
scaled down-. they were trying to out manoeuvre each other. This is
Splendid Isolation was where Britain thought they did not need alliances as they had spent most of the • The plan relied on Belgium being weak- the troops put up a much fiercer called the RACE TO THE SEA. Several major battles took
resistance and held back the invasion of France by 5 days. place and by November 1914 both sides had reached the
1800s building up an Empire. Britain was the richest and most powerful nation on earth and had the • The British Army known as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) came to
strongest navy. The Empire produced all the goods it needed and so they did not need to rely on anyone. English Channel. The trenches eventually stretched for 400
support Belgium and stopped the Germans reaching Paris. miles. For the next four years these lines barely changed
However the 1900s changed this as other alliances were created and Britain realised they would need and led to a STALEMATE.
support- especially as Germany was building up its strength including growing its navy too.
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