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Summary AQA GCSE History Restoration England Knowledge Organiser
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AQA GCSE History Restoration England Knowledge Organiser and quiz questions
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Timeline What had happened in England before 1660? Who was Charles II? ( A brief overview) Key WordsIn 1642 civil war broke out between the supporters of Charles I • Charles was born on 29th May 1630 Anglican The official Church of England
April 1660 Declaration of Breda • His parents were Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France Church
(Royalists/ Cavaliers) and Parliament (Parliamentarians/
Roundheads). Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings • He fought for his father during the Civil War in 1645
• He resisted his mother's attempts to convert him to Baroque An elaborate style of
whereas Parliament wanted to control the King's power. Charles I Catholicism
1660 Royal Society formed was executed for treason in 1649 and from 1653 England was decorating popular in France
• He spent most of the years 1646-1660 in exile, mostly at the
ruled by Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. During this time French Court of his cousin Louis XIV
1661 Corporation Act England was a Protectorate. Cromwell died in 1658 and his son • In 1649 his father was executed, and Charles was declared
Richard took over. However, he was inefficient and was forced to Charles II by the Scots Bills of Weekly lists, showing causes of
1662 resign. In 1659 the Long Parliament asked Charles II to return to • He attempted an invasion with the help of Scotland in 1650
Declaration of Indulgence but it failed by 1651 and he narrowly escaped to France Mortality death in London
England and take back his father's throne.
1662 Act of Uniformity Bubonic Disease carried by black rats,
Key Individuals Plague transmitted by fleas
1662-65 Clarendon Code Paper 2 King of England from 1625-1649,
Charles I
1664 Conventicle Act Restoration Oliver Leader of the Parliamentarian army,
Cabal A group of Charles's advisors in
power from 1668-74
1665 The Five Mile Act England 1660 - Cromwell
Edward Hyde,
Lord Protector from 1653 until 1658
Charles II's most important advisor Christianity with the Pope in
1665 Great Plague 1685 Earl of
Clarendon
during his exile
Catholic charge.
1666 Exclusion Name of Parliaments and Bills
Great Fire of London that aimed to stop James,
James, Duke Charles II's brother, heir to the throne
of York Duke of York succeeding
1667 Treaty of Germaine-en-Lye Charles II
Duke of Charles II's illegitimate son
What problems did Charles face Monmouth Monopoly Having the sole right to trade a
1670 Treaty of Dover at the start of his reign? What were the solutions?
product
George Monck Soldier who fought for Charles I but
1670 Treaty of Madrid The Army – • Parliament paid wages then became a general in Parliament's
High and unpaid wages, too Law to help ex-soldiers find work Patronage The promise of money or
•
much power, some officers did • Removal of Parliamentarian army in Scotland power
1672 not support the Restoration leaders
Declaration of Indulgence • Act of Indemnity Privy Council The King's chief advisors
English diarist and naval administrator
Samuel Pepys who recorded key events of the
1672 Religion - • Clarendon Code established laws restoration
Second Dutch War Started Interregnum was controlled by over religion Privateers Sea captains who were given
Presbyterians, many dissenting • Some toleration for dissenters permission to raid foreign
religions, fear over Catholicism and Catholics Titus Oates Ex-Anglican priest, gave evidence on
1673 Test Act fictitious Popish plot ships
• Book of Common prayer was
compulsory
1674 John Coventry, Member of Parliament attacked on Puritan Very strict Protestants who
Second Dutch War Ended disliked Charles's frivolous
MP 21st December 1670 for questioning
Finances/Laws - • One off Poll Tax to raise money the king in Parliament lifestyle
1677 Treaty of Breda Civil war had been largely about to pay the army
rights to raise taxes, taxes on • Reversal of all laws passed
lands were resented, Cromwell during interregnum Mary of Second wife of James, Duke of York Sedition Talk that encouraged removing
1678 Popish Plot 'uncovered' had introduced many unpopular • Tax on alcohol introduced Modena who was Catholic the king
laws,
1679 Catherine of Charles's wife, daughter of a Succession Transfer of power from one
First Exclusion Parliament Braganza Portuguese Duke monarch to the next
1680 The Declaration of Breda and The Restoration Settlement
The Declaration of Breda was Charles II's intentions for when Nell Gwynne The most well-known of Charles's Tories Group of MPs who supported
Second Exclusion Parliament • mistresses the King and Church of
he was restored as king.
England
• He promised to bring peace, listen to Parliament, toleration
1681 for different religions and to pay the army Aphra Behn Playwright who had spied for Charles
Third Exclusion Parliament in Holland
• The Restoration Settlement was the name given to the Whigs A group of MPs who
decisions taken to resolve issues between the King, disapproved of the King and
1681-84 Rule without Parliament Parliament and Church. Christopher Founder member of the Royal Society, James as heir
• The Convention Parliament and Cavalier Parliament Wren designed St Pauls
1683 Rye House Plot
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