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SANS 410 Questions & answers
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SANS 410 Questions & answers
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SANS 410Industrial Control System (ICS) - CORRECT ANSWER-A device, or set of
devices, that manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other
devices or systems.
ICS technology drivers - CORRECT ANSWER-Reliability, efficiency, safety, and
ease of use.
Discrete Process - CORRECT ANSWER-A process where a specified quantity of
material moves as a unit between workstations and each unit maintains it's
unique identity.
Batch Process - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that requires the mixing of raw
materials, usually in a heated vessel.
Continuous Process - CORRECT ANSWER-A physical system that is
represented through variables that are smooth an uninterrupted in time.
Hybrid Process - CORRECT ANSWER-reactive systems that intermix discrete
and continuous processes
Process Engineer - CORRECT ANSWER-Designs the systems and processes
used in the control environment.
Field Technician - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintains and repairs field devices
Programmer - CORRECT ANSWER-Implements the individual steps of the
process code and deploys the code to the controllers.
Operator - CORRECT ANSWER-Works in the operations center remotely
managing and controlling the process
Owner/Operators - CORRECT ANSWER-Purchases and uses the system.
responsible for safe operation and meeting regulations.
,Vendors - CORRECT ANSWER-Manufacture equipment and software
Integrator - CORRECT ANSWER-Design, configure, test, train, and refresh
systems.
Government - CORRECT ANSWER-Implement guidance and regulation
programmable logic controller (PLC) - CORRECT ANSWER-Computer based,
solid-state devices that control industrial equipment and processes.
Remote terminal unit (RTU) - CORRECT ANSWER-Is installed to report local
system information and otherwise communicate with the upstream supervisory
system. Connection typically made using RS-232 or RS-485
Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) - CORRECT ANSWER-Used in the power
industry primarily, and have limited function, but contain their own control logic
and are usually micro-controller based.
Digital Protective Relay (DPR) - CORRECT ANSWER-Contains a
micro-controller with the specific purpose of measuring voltages and currents to
determining whether a fault in the system exists.
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) - CORRECT ANSWER-Measure voltages and
currents at principle intersecting locations on a power grid and can output
accurately timestamped voltage and current phasors.
Communication Gateway - CORRECT ANSWER-Facilitates data acquitting,
storage, transmission and protocol conversion though the industrial data network.
Widely used to apply timestamp data to logs for locally connected RTUs
Communication Modules - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect FEP into networks of
intelligent electronic devices (IED) such as modbus or PROFIBUS.
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - CORRECT ANSWER-Runs on an
embedded device and is specialized in running programs with specific scheduling
paradigm.
, Microkernels - CORRECT ANSWER-Responsible for Inter-process
Communication (IPC), virtual memory, and scheduling.
Ladder Diagram (Ladder logic) - CORRECT ANSWER-Relay logic displays and
drawings and was written to be understood by technicians. Operates on rules
rather than producers or functions.
Each pass over is called a scan, and it occurs many times per second.
Function Block Diagram (FBD) - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses a series of blocks
with a purpose and inputs and outputs strung together. The order by which the
blocks executes depends on the Vendor.
Structured Text (ST) - CORRECT ANSWER-A Series of instructions to include
statements implemented by a vendors use of an editor, such as programming
languages like C.
Instruction List(IL) - CORRECT ANSWER-Similar to assembly language, this is a
very low level language that executes quickly and takes up less space.
Sequential Function Chart (SFC) - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps from top to
bottom of instructions, executing commands and transitions wait for conditions to
be true to move forward.
Cyber Impact (PLC) - CORRECT ANSWER-Can include disruption to
communications to the device, changing configuration for accessing the device,
modifying applications, and manipulating firmware.
Control Loop Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-Used for calculating and controlling
an environment or process based on feedback.
PID Controller Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to determine how to respond
to the error.
Proportional Term - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of PID Controller Theory, where a
response proportional to the current error value is applied.
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