WGU D115 patho Unit 6 gastrointestinal
system(Latest 2023/ 2024) Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse|Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct
Phases of swallowing - ANSWER-oropharyngeal (voluntary)-oral prep, epiglotis
closes, movement of tongue and pharyngeal constrictors propel food into
esophagus
esophageal (involuntary)-bolus transported ny esophagus to stomach by
peristalsis, esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food into stomach
Pathway of digestion - ANSWER-mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, anus
Process of digestion - ANSWER-1-Mouth creates a bolus
2-swallowing propels bolus through esophagus into stomach
3-stomach creates chyme by adding digestive juices to the bolus, and propels
the chyme into the small intestine
4-in small intestine absorption occurs through villi which secretes digestive
enzymes and absorbs all major nutrients, peristalsis moves chyme through and
into large intestine
5-absorption and epithelial transport occur in the beginning of the colon as fecal
mass passes through, once it reaches the sigmoid colon it is entirely waste and
passes through the rectum
Nutrients absorbs in stomach - ANSWER-Alcohol (20%)
Nutrients absorbed in duodenum - ANSWER-Calcium, magnesium, iron, some
carbs
, Nutrients absorbed in jejunum - ANSWER-Carbs, fat soluble vitamins, water
soluble vitamins, amino acids, alcohol (80%), fats, sodium, potassium, water
(90%)
Nutrients absorbed in ileum - ANSWER-Vitamin B12, bile
Nutrients absorbed in colon - ANSWER-Sodium, potassium, water (9%), acids
and bases
Intestinal microbiome - ANSWER-Numbers of bacteria increase from proximal to
distal GI tract
-Highest in colon
Multiple factors affect normal composition of bacterial flora
-Genetics, diet, environmental, drugs
-Alert immune system to protect against infection, assist in metabolism of various
compounds, and produce other compounds needed by body
Lipase - ANSWER-Produced by pancreas and beaks down triglycerides
Amylase - ANSWER-Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in
starches
Pepsin - ANSWER-Produced by stomach and breaks down proteins
anorexia - ANSWER-loss of appetite despite physiologic stimuli that would
normally produce hunger
vomiting - ANSWER-expelling matter from the stomach and intestines through
the mouth
constipation - ANSWER-Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a
result of too little fiber in the diet
diarrhea - ANSWER-frequent passage of loose, watery stools more then 3 x per
day
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