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Summary gender and crime sociology aqa crime and deviance
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GENDER & CRIME C&D Women and crimeMales commit more crime on average. Thesis 1: unreported and unnoticed:
Committed more offences than women Female crimes such as shoplifting are less likely to be reported /noticed in comparison to sexual violent crimes (mostly committed by men).
in 2021.men are also more likely to Evaluation: sexual crime: unlikely to be reported due to embarrassment or shame (if women did it to men)
commit sexual offences. Less arrests
have been made as the years increase. Thesis 2: Chivalry thesis: Pollak:
women rarely arrested, also. idea that women commit equal amount crime as men but are treated more leniently by police/courts (made up of mainly men)socialised to be
chivalrous to women and don’t fit the criminal stereotype. e.g. loose women- sees chivalry as dead.
RESEARCHER Evaluation: police are professionals don’t treat people differently.
Pollak: Farrington & Morris: men and women are treated the same in 408 convictions.
Farrington & Morris
Thesis 3: functionalist sex role theory: Parsons:
Parsons Due to their biology and process of socialisation, women are nurturing by nature therefore are incapable or don’t want to commit crime.
Heidensonn Evaluation: Too deterministic: assumes women don’t have free will women still commit crime.
Adler
Carlen Thesis 4: Patriarchal control: Heidensonn:
Winlow Women have at least one male figure in their life, who doesn’t want them to commit crime.
Messerschmidt Evaluation: deterministic: assumes women who commit crime don’t have a male figure in their life.
Thesis 5: the liberation thesis: Adler:
Gender and crime facts:
Women are becoming much more equal in society with men, so now are committing as much/ more crime.
4/5 convicted offenders in England
Evaluation: official statistics show men commit crime by a larger amount huge gap.
and wales are male.
By 40, 9% women had a
Thesis 6: Class and Gender deals: Carlen:
conviction and 32% of men.
Women have 2 deals. Classwork hard=financial reward. Gendergood mother/wife will be treated well. When both deals break down women
Females more likely convicted for
turn to crime.
property offences, males more
Evaluation: some turn to crime regardless of deals going well e.g. Cheryl Cole racist assault.
likely convicted for violent or
sexual crime. Cheryl Cole: racist assault in Mairead Philpott: murdered 6 children Lindsay Lohan: driving under influence & possession of
Males more likely repeat night club, goes against Carlen’s house fire derby (arson) against parson’s cocaine, drove on suspended licence & assault accusation.
offenders, longer criminal Liberation=Adler and class gender deals Carlen.
class and gender deals. functionalist sex role.
careers and commit more serious
crimes.
Men and crime
Men are more likely to commit
crimes according to official stats.
Winlow: globalisation decline in traditional manual jobs which many Messerschmidt: masculinity=accomplishment, constantly work at
working-class males can express masculinity through e.g. miners. constructing and presenting to others ‘hegemonic masculinity’ =
Increase in night time leisure economy provides combo for legal dominant prestigious form men wish to accomplish. Crime and
employment and criminal opportunities to express masculinity. E.g. deviance as a resource that different men may use to accomplish
bouncers: legal but do crimes. masculinity. E.g. use crime to show off
Evaluation: Evaluation:
Doesn’t explain why men in ‘feminine’ jobs don’t commit crime. Don’t explain why men commit ‘non-masculine crime’ e.g. tax evasion
Focus is too much on working class crime. White collar crime?? Masculinity is also argued to be flexible and subjective.
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