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Biology 1108 Test 2- Fungi and Plants Questions & answers
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Biology 1108 Test 2- Fungi and PlantsAlternation of Generations - ANS-major haploid and diploid stages, haploid adult is a
gametophyte, diploid adult is sporophyte, spores are haploid cells that develop into
adults without fusion of gametes
Mycology - ANS-study of fungi
Why Study Fungi? - ANS-ecologically important (decomposers, saprotrophs,
mycorrhizae), some are pathogenic, parasitic species (health and agriculture impacts),
many used for foods/beverages, some produce toxins and hallucinogens
Fungal Structure - ANS-single celled: yeast
multicellular species: filamentous bodies called mycelium
hyphae: filaments composing mycelium (thin, big surface area)
Hyphae - ANS-septate/nonseptate (coenocytic); either haploid or heterokaryotic (more
than one distinct haploid nucleus present
Fungal Reproduction - ANS-hyphae develop from haploid spores (spores produced on
ends of hyphae/ within fruiting body, spread by environment); asexual (spore
production/ budding); sexual reproduction (hyphae of different mating types fuse)
Plasmogamy - ANS-fusion of cytoplasm of different individuals (n and n+n)
Karyogamy - ANS-fusion of nuclei from different individuals (n+n and 2n)
Chitrids - ANS-swimming gametes/spores, unicellular/mycelium with nonseptate
hyphae, flagellated reproductive cells, some parasitic species
Zygosporangia - ANS-spore producing structures formed when hyphae yolk together,
zygomycetes, most decomposers (some parasites), nonseptate hyphae, representative
species (black bread mold (rhizopus))
Basidia - ANS-"little pedestals" where meiosis occurs and spores form
Asci - ANS-sacs where meiosis occurs and spores form
, Zygomycetes Sexual Reproduction - ANS-
Sac Fungi (Phylum Ascomycota) - ANS-large diverse group (yeast, mold, cup fungi,
powdery mildew, truffles, morels), body type (unicellular yeast, others have mycelium
(body) with septate hyphae
Asexual Reproduction of Sac Fungi - ANS-yeast: budding, others: produce spores
called conidia
Sexual Reproduction of Sac Fungi - ANS-spores develop in finger like sacs (asci)
contained in a fruiting body (asocarp), various asocarps
Club Fungi (Phylum Basidiomycota) - ANS-mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls, smuts,
rusts, mycelium with septate hyphae
Club Fungi Reproduction - ANS-asexual via conidia (less common); sexual: spores
develop in club like cells (basidia) which are in a fruiting body (basidiocarp), various
basidiocarps
Lichens - ANS-symbiotic relationship between sac fungi and green algae/cyanobacteria
3 growth forms: Fructicose, crustose, foliose
ecological importance: tolerate poor/no soil and temperature extremes, sensitive to air
pollutants
Kingdom Plantae - ANS--monophyletic
-multicellular with cellulose cell walls
-photosynthetic (chlorophyll a and b)
-starch as storage product
-alternation of generations life cycle
-multiple adaptations for terrestrial life cycle
Why study plants? - ANS--produce oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, moderate
temperature
-primary producers
-important in soil formation and erosion prevention
-source of fuel, medicine, fibers, and building materials
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