Nutrition Exam I: NUR1172
Alimentary Canal - ANS-Another term for gastrointestinal tract
Digestive Tract Includes - ANS-Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large
Intestine, Rectum
Accessory Organs of the Digestive System - ANS-Pancrease, Gallbladder, Liver
Muscular Movement of Mouth - ANS-Mastication
Muscular Movement of Esophagus - ANS-Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Controls
entry of food bolus into esophagus
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Controls entry of food into stomach
Muscular Movement of Stomach - ANS-Kneading and churning/Propulsive and Mixing
Movements- Moves food to pyloric valve by peristalsis
Muscular Movement of Small Intestine - ANS-Peristalsis
End Product of Carbohydrates - ANS-Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose,Galactose
End Product of Fats - ANS-Fatty Acids, Monoglycerides, Diglycerides, Glycerol
End Product of Proteins - ANS-Amino Acids, Dipeptides
Chemical Digestion of Mouth - ANS-Salivary amylase, saliva, mucous
Saliva - ANS-Moistens food particles, releases lingual lipase (fat digestion)
Salivary Amylase - ANS-Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars in
the oral cavity
Mucous - ANS-Protects walls of stomach from hydrochloric acid
Chemical Digestion of Stomach - ANS-Hydrochloric acid, mucus, enzymes
Hydrochloric Acid - ANS-Creates an acidic environment for certain enzymes to work
,Breaks down proteins and activates pepsin
Mucus - ANS-Protects stomach lining from HCl- Binds and mixes food
Stomach Enzymes - ANS-Pepsin breaks down proteins, activated by HCL
Food - ANS-A mixture of chemical substances and nutrients
Major Functions of Digestive System - ANS-(1) Received Food
(2) Releases nutrients from Food
(3) Delivers nutrients into the Blood
(4) Excretes non-digestible waste
Pepsin - ANS-Enzyme that digests protein
Gastric Lipase - ANS-Enzyme to digest food
Pyloric Sphincter - ANS-Controls sending food away from stomach
Liver - ANS-Creates Bile
Gallbladder - ANS-Stores Bile
Pancreas - ANS-Digestive enzymes, bicarbonate to neutralize chyme and store insulin
Absorption - ANS-Process of taking molecules across a cell membrane and into cells of
the body
Villi - ANS-Lines the Gastrointestinal system
Brush Border - ANS-Composed of microvilli that increase surface area
Cause of Heartburn - ANS-Hydrochloric in the esophagus
Chyme - ANS-Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that is expelled by the stomach,
through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum
Bile - ANS--Aid in digestions of lipid in the small intestine, -Produced by the liver, stored
in the gallbladder
-Emulsifies (breaks down) fat and stores its digestion
, - The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile
- Lipid breakdown would be slower if gallbladder is removed
Chemical Digestion of the Small Intestine - ANS-Enzymes, Mucus, Hormones, Bile
Enzymes of the small intestine - ANS-Certain enzymes act on specific macronutrients to
bring their final breakdown so the body can use and absorb them
Mucus of the Small Intestine - ANS-Protects from HCl
Small Intestine Absorption - ANS-Absorbs most of the nutrients (Majority of the
nutrients) through diffusion and osmosis
- Lipids, Carbohydrate, Protein Absorption
Large Intestine Absorption - ANS-- Primary task is absorption of water (5-8 L/day)
- Mineral Absorption: Sodium and other electrolytes
- Vitamin Absorption: Vitamin K and Biotin
- Waste Elimination
Lactose Intolerance - ANS-Inability to digest lactose
- Intolerance varies by individual
- Stems from a deficiency of the enzyme lactase
- Not the same as a milk allergy
Prebiotics - ANS--Undigested carbohydrates that pass into the colon and ferment
- Stimulate the growth and activity of healthy bacteria (Increased immune function-
influence secretion of antibodies, Mineral absorption, Relieves constipation, Colon
Cancer- May help destroy cancer cells and toxic enzymes)
Secretin - ANS-Stimulates the pancreas to send alkaline pancreatic juices to protect
against HCl without neutralizing others
Probiotics - ANS-Live microorganisms- In correct amounts may result in health benefits
Lactic Acid - ANS-Most common probiotic
Clinical Applications of Probiotics - ANS--Helps reduce diarrhea
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Inhibit of H. Pylori (Causes peptic ulcers)
- Lactose intolerance
Alimentary Canal - ANS-Another term for gastrointestinal tract
Digestive Tract Includes - ANS-Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large
Intestine, Rectum
Accessory Organs of the Digestive System - ANS-Pancrease, Gallbladder, Liver
Muscular Movement of Mouth - ANS-Mastication
Muscular Movement of Esophagus - ANS-Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Controls
entry of food bolus into esophagus
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Controls entry of food into stomach
Muscular Movement of Stomach - ANS-Kneading and churning/Propulsive and Mixing
Movements- Moves food to pyloric valve by peristalsis
Muscular Movement of Small Intestine - ANS-Peristalsis
End Product of Carbohydrates - ANS-Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose,Galactose
End Product of Fats - ANS-Fatty Acids, Monoglycerides, Diglycerides, Glycerol
End Product of Proteins - ANS-Amino Acids, Dipeptides
Chemical Digestion of Mouth - ANS-Salivary amylase, saliva, mucous
Saliva - ANS-Moistens food particles, releases lingual lipase (fat digestion)
Salivary Amylase - ANS-Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars in
the oral cavity
Mucous - ANS-Protects walls of stomach from hydrochloric acid
Chemical Digestion of Stomach - ANS-Hydrochloric acid, mucus, enzymes
Hydrochloric Acid - ANS-Creates an acidic environment for certain enzymes to work
,Breaks down proteins and activates pepsin
Mucus - ANS-Protects stomach lining from HCl- Binds and mixes food
Stomach Enzymes - ANS-Pepsin breaks down proteins, activated by HCL
Food - ANS-A mixture of chemical substances and nutrients
Major Functions of Digestive System - ANS-(1) Received Food
(2) Releases nutrients from Food
(3) Delivers nutrients into the Blood
(4) Excretes non-digestible waste
Pepsin - ANS-Enzyme that digests protein
Gastric Lipase - ANS-Enzyme to digest food
Pyloric Sphincter - ANS-Controls sending food away from stomach
Liver - ANS-Creates Bile
Gallbladder - ANS-Stores Bile
Pancreas - ANS-Digestive enzymes, bicarbonate to neutralize chyme and store insulin
Absorption - ANS-Process of taking molecules across a cell membrane and into cells of
the body
Villi - ANS-Lines the Gastrointestinal system
Brush Border - ANS-Composed of microvilli that increase surface area
Cause of Heartburn - ANS-Hydrochloric in the esophagus
Chyme - ANS-Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that is expelled by the stomach,
through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum
Bile - ANS--Aid in digestions of lipid in the small intestine, -Produced by the liver, stored
in the gallbladder
-Emulsifies (breaks down) fat and stores its digestion
, - The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile
- Lipid breakdown would be slower if gallbladder is removed
Chemical Digestion of the Small Intestine - ANS-Enzymes, Mucus, Hormones, Bile
Enzymes of the small intestine - ANS-Certain enzymes act on specific macronutrients to
bring their final breakdown so the body can use and absorb them
Mucus of the Small Intestine - ANS-Protects from HCl
Small Intestine Absorption - ANS-Absorbs most of the nutrients (Majority of the
nutrients) through diffusion and osmosis
- Lipids, Carbohydrate, Protein Absorption
Large Intestine Absorption - ANS-- Primary task is absorption of water (5-8 L/day)
- Mineral Absorption: Sodium and other electrolytes
- Vitamin Absorption: Vitamin K and Biotin
- Waste Elimination
Lactose Intolerance - ANS-Inability to digest lactose
- Intolerance varies by individual
- Stems from a deficiency of the enzyme lactase
- Not the same as a milk allergy
Prebiotics - ANS--Undigested carbohydrates that pass into the colon and ferment
- Stimulate the growth and activity of healthy bacteria (Increased immune function-
influence secretion of antibodies, Mineral absorption, Relieves constipation, Colon
Cancer- May help destroy cancer cells and toxic enzymes)
Secretin - ANS-Stimulates the pancreas to send alkaline pancreatic juices to protect
against HCl without neutralizing others
Probiotics - ANS-Live microorganisms- In correct amounts may result in health benefits
Lactic Acid - ANS-Most common probiotic
Clinical Applications of Probiotics - ANS--Helps reduce diarrhea
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Inhibit of H. Pylori (Causes peptic ulcers)
- Lactose intolerance
