Introduction to descriptive statistics + step by step guide for excel
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Course
Data Analysis
Institution
Sciences Po
Basic concepts and types of variables (Population and Samples, Data sets, Variables, Observations, Types of variables
Focus on categorical variables
Frequency distribution
Cumulative frequencies
Formulas & Tutorials (how to calculate the frequency, how tTo calculate the relative f...
DATA ANALYSIS
Introduction to descriptive statistics
SUMMARY
1. Basic concepts and types of variables..................................................................................................... 1
Population and Samples ........................................................................................................................ 1
Data sets, Variables, Observations ........................................................................................................ 2
Types of variables ................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Focus on categorical variables ................................................................................................................ 3
Relative frequency into percentage ........................................................................................................ 6
To filter the Data ..................................................................................................................................... 7
• A population includes all the entities of interest in a study.
o Issue: Sometimes, the population is too large for the study to work efficiently.
• A Sample is a subset of the population, often chosen randomly, and ideally representative of the
population.
, Population
Sample
DATA SETS, VARIABLES, OBSERVATIONS
• A data set is typically a rectangular table of data, with variables in columns and observations in
rows.
• A variable (or field or attribute) is a characteristic of members of a population (e.g., height,
gender, …).
• An observation (or case/record) is a list of all variable values for a single member of a population.
3 variables
Data set
18 observations
TYPES OF VARIABLES
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