Grade 12 Agricultural Management Practices Prelim&Final 2024
CONTENTS
Multiple – choice questions p. 2
Physical farm planning
Soil properties, soil pollution, soil erosion p. 7
Field degradation/pasture p. 11
Farming systems p. 14
Capital p. 16
Agritourism p. 18
Entrepreneurship p. 19
...
Grade 12
2024
AGRICULTURAL -
management
PRACTICES 1/1
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes, SACAI Sep 2018, Sep 2019& 2021,
DBE/November 2020, 2021 & 2022. These are only suggested answers from the memorandums. Some
information is repeated, I want to show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions without looking at the answers first.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
CONTENTS
Multiple – choice questions p. 2
Physical farm planning
Soil properties, soil pollution, soil erosion p. 7
Field degradation/pasture p. 11
Farming systems p. 14
Capital p. 16
Agritourism p. 18
Entrepreneurship p. 19
Agricultural marketing: price fixing
Pricing & market equilibrium p. 26
Marketing strategies p. 29
Budgets p. 32
Financial planning - statements
Production costs p. 36
Balance sheet p. 37
Record keeping p. 38
Labour and Management p. 40
Food legislation in South Africa p. 45
Packaging p. 49
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
Multiple – choice questions
Processing Adding value to an agricultural product by turning the product into a more
user-friendly product for the consumer
Insurance A strategy used by a farmer to provide financial protection against
contingencies such as fire, hailstorms, floods and other risks
Control The management principle a farmer uses to ensure that the amount of
equipment issued is the same as the amount received back at the end of the
week
Capital The factor of production that represents equipment, fences, seeds, fertilizers
and chemicals used in growing crops
Farm gate The marketing channel used when consumers travel to a farm and buy
products on the farm
Records Records on a farm are important and necessary to make informed
management decisions.
Labour / Workers Labour / Workers refers to the physical and human efforts performed with
the expectation of compensation
Planters Planters are used to place seeds in the soil on a large scale according to
predetermined distances.
Financial records Financial records are compiled from all transactions within the farming
enterprise.
Target market Target market is the part of the marketing plan that describes the type of
customers one wants to attract.
Diversification Expanding the number of activities or branches managed by the farmer to
reduce the risk in the farming business
Net cash flow It is the difference between receipts and payments in a specified period.
Soil conservation Prevention of soil degradation, soil pollution, soil erosion and loss of soil
nutrients
Communication The management aspect where a farm manager gives instructions to the
labourers and listens to work-related problems of the labourers
Decision making An intellectual task that an entrepreneur performs to obtain a result and to
make the action possible, with the aim of identifying the actual problem and
its solution.
Income statement The preferred document used to indicate the profitability of a business
Breakeven point The quantity that a farmer must produce to cover all the input costs.
Liabilities Outstanding debts, loans and accounts contained in the Balance Sheet
Loss Obtained after all expenses have been paid and there is less money in the
business than it was initially started with.
Profit/surplus stock Is achieved in any enterprise when the farmer has a surplus of capital after
all his/her expenses have been paid.
Receipt The source document required for entries in the Cash Flow Statement that
receives the money indicates
Cash slip The important source document that serves as proof of purchases.
Cash flow statement If a farm makes a profit, planning can look at how farming can be done even
more efficiently in order to show more profit at the end of the next financial
year.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Deposit Deposit is completed at a financial institution when a person deposits cash
into the farm's business account.
Design Design requirements of packaging material must, among other things,
protect the product, be easy to print on and be suitable for the specific
product.
Corrective The type of action taken after determining what the problems are and the
actions/Disciplinary reasons for the problems.
action
Profit/surplus stock Is achieved in any enterprise when the farmer has a surplus of capital after
all his/her expenses have been paid.
Offer The quantity of a product offered to consumers at a certain time at a certain
price
Business Description This includes the vision and mission statement, as well as the nature of the
business.
Credit sales invoice The original document is given to the customer for future reference or as a
guarantee.
Marketing function Marketing function includes all the activities that contribute to introducing
the product to the consumer and determining what the consumer's needs
are, and then satisfying them.
•Transport•Malfunction•Packaging•Preservation and food safety•Marketing
Information•Processing•Financing and taking risks•Sales•Standardization
and grading.
DBE/November 2022
Marketing The process of human need satisfaction at the right time
The marketing chain The process the farmer follows to get the product from the farm to the
consumer.
Niche Marketing The approach to sell the product in question to a smaller segment of the
market.
Financial plan Does the business show profit and if not, how can the business be changed
to push the profit margin?
Small box Cash used for postage, repairing a flat tire and other small payments.
Business plans It helps to differentiate between a mediocre business and a good business.
Inventory A list of resources, the use and costs associated with them is necessary.
Double row harrow When there is a lot of organic material on the soil surface, this implement is
ideal for finely chopping material and placing it in the upper soil layer.
Knowledge and skills Entrepreneurs must be well aware of their own limitations and use experts
to provide them with advice and help and thus improve their performance.
Entrepreneur A person who can identify the opportunity in the market and produce a
product.
Motivation and Motivation has to do with persuading employees to perform their tasks and
leadership actively participate in achieving the company goals. This therefore involves
the aspect of human relations, as well as the tasks associated with personnel
management.
Geographic To display spatially referenced geographic information in map form.
Information System
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Market share The percentage of a business's sales in relation to the total sales of the
product or service concerned sold by all the businesses in a specific area
Cash flow statement If a farm makes a profit, planning can look at how farming can be done even
more efficiently in order to show more profit at the end of the next financial
year.
Diversification The expansion of the number of activities or enterprises managed by a
business.
Specialization Decide and focus on a specific product.
Product organizations The liaison between the different role players within each industry.
Normal production A farm has a limit within which it can produce profitably and because
years circumstances are unique to each farm, these limits vary.
Cooperatives act as Cooperatives store products (in the case of storable products), resell them
agents and even export them.
Sweet field A characteristic feature of sweet veld is that the veld retains its nutritional
value at all stages of growth and the veld displays a pale white colour in
winter.
Sour field The type of pasture that has a high nutritional value during the summer
months and a very low nutritional value during the winter.
Air pressure planter The inside of the measuring wheel has double disc types that draw a ditch
into which seed is placed. These dishes are also known as "kouters".
HIV/AIDS This has a huge effect on the agricultural sector. On a larger scale, the
productivity of the workforce is affected. This leads to high production costs
and lower outputs.
Optimum The best temperature for plant growth.
temperature
Bureau system Data processing for a number of clients takes place centrally, away from the
farms.
Sterility No living organism is present in the product.
Animal Identification The law that requires all animals in your possession to be marked with a
Act specific identification mark.
Food legislation To ensure that products reaching the public are safe and of high quality.
Environmental The improved estimation of nitrogen: needs and reduced water runoff and
approach the reduction of the effects of agriculture on the environment.
Smoking Smoking is a preservation method used in a smoker that changes the taste of
the product.
Processed food These products have a characteristic shelf life.
Plant nitrogen stress Detected in the field by high-resolution colour infrared aerial photographs.
Pasteurization A limited heat treatment is applied, which eliminates the pathogenic
microorganisms without seriously impairing the colour or taste of the
product.
Resource poor Farmers who do not have access to capital, training and other support
farmers systems.
Carrying capacity The most important measure used to prevent overgrazing
Ground map The instrument which is the result of a soil survey and which is used in the
re-planning of a farm.
Calibration Measurement, calculation and setting of implements used to apply
substances in the production process.
@Juffrou_Ansie
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